The mean size of the CaCO(3) particles was about 160 nm. According to scanning electron microscopy observations, the composite with SEBS showed a morphology in which SEBS Selleck Stem Cell Compound Library domains and CaCO(3) particles were independently dispersed in the PP matrix. On the other hand, the composite with C-SEBS showed a morphology in which CaCO(3) particles were encapsulated by C-SEBS; that is, a core-shell structure was formed. The Izod impact strength of the composite with SEBS was higher than that of the composite with C-SEBS

and the PP/SEBS and PP/C-SEBS binary blends. According to observations of the fractured surface, the stress-whitened area was larger in the composite with SEBS than in the composite with C-SEBS and the PP/SEBS www.selleckchem.com/products/17-DMAG,Hydrochloride-Salt.html and PP/C-SEBS binary blends. The toughening mechanism of the composite, using nanometer-sized CaCO(3) particles in combination with SEBS, was examined. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 919-927, 2009″
“Background Skin necrosis after soft tissue

augmentation with dermal fillers is a rare but potentially severe complication. Nitroglycerin paste may be an important treatment option for dermal and epidermal ischemia in cosmetic surgery. Objectives To summarize the knowledge about nitroglycerin paste in cosmetic surgery and to understand its current use in the treatment of vascular compromise after soft tissue Selleck OICR-9429 augmentation. To review the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin, examine its utility in the dermal vasculature in the setting of dermal filler-induced ischemia, and describe the facial anatomy danger zones in order

to avoid vascular injury. Methods A literature review was conducted to examine the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin, and a treatment algorithm was proposed from clinical observations to define strategies for impending facial necrosis after filler injection. Results and Conclusions Our experience with nitroglycerin paste and our review of the medical literature supports the use of nitroglycerin paste on the skin to help improve flow in the dermal vasculature because of its vasodilatory effect on small-caliber arterioles.”
“This paper deals with the development of nanocrystalline Cu-Ni and Fe-Ni thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) by using ion-assisted anodic vacuum arc deposition technique. The crystallographic structure and surface morphology of individual layer films have been studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistance, and thermoelectric power of as deposited and annealed films have been measured. The observed departure of these transport parameters from their respective bulk values can be understood in terms of intrinsic scattering due to enhanced crystallite boundaries.

Although the molecular mechanisms that promote the homing and recruitment

of bone marrow derived progenitor cells to remodeling tissues remain unclear the evidence that these cells promote tissue repair is strong.”
“Objective: To correlate long-term clinical outcome and the results of morphological as well as advanced biochemical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques [T2-mapping, glycosaminoglycan www.selleckchem.com/products/bmn-673.html chemical exchange saturation transfer (gagCEST), sodium-23-imaging] in patients after autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) in knee joints.

Method: Nine AOT patients (two female and seven male; median age, 49) had clinical [International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), modified Lysholm, visual analog scale (VAS)] and radiological long-term follow-up examinations at a median of 7.9

years (inter-quartile range, 7.7-8.2). Standard morphological MRI and T2-mapping of cartilage were performed on a 3 T MR unit. Biochemical imaging further included sodium-23-imaging and chemical exchange saturation transfer Navitoclax (CEST) imaging at 7 T. The Magnetic resonance Observation of CArtilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score was used for quantitative assessment of morphological MRI.

Results: Clinical outcome was good with a median modified Lysholm score of 90. Median VAS revealed 1.0 and median MOCART score 75 points. The difference between native and repair cartilage was statistically significant for all three biochemical imaging techniques. The strongest correlation was found between the results of the advanced biochemical imaging methods sodium-23 and CEST [rho = 0.952, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.753; 0.992)]. Comparing the results from morphological and biochemical imaging, a correlation was found between MOCART score and CEST ratio [rho

= -0.749, 95% HM781-36B chemical structure CI: (-0.944; -0.169)]. Comparing the results from clinical scores with MRI, a correlation between modified Lysholm and T2-mapping [rho = -0.667, 95% CI: (-0.992; -0.005)] was observed.

Conclusion: Long-term clinical outcome in patients 7.9 years after AOT was good, but did not correlate with morphological and biochemical imaging results except for T2-mapping. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial gastric neoplasm is a curative method. The aim of this study was to detect potential nonbleeding visible vessels (NBVVs) by using an infrared imaging (IRI) system.

A total of 24 patients (25 lesions) were consecutively enrolled between March 2010 and December 2010. The day after ESD, endoscopist A (K.M.), who was blinded to the actual procedure of ESD, performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) of the post-ESD ulcer base using the IRI system. Endoscopist A marked gray/blue points in the hard-copy images with the IRI system. After the first procedure, endoscopist B (Y.Y.

The cells were found to be fibroblastic and had a high level of telomerase activity. Cell

growth was confirmed after more than 200 population doublings without significant growth retardation. mOd cells expressed mRNA for differentiation markers, including collagen type I (COLI), alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, osteocalcin, cementum-derived protein (CP-23), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3), as well as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In addition, they showed a high level of calcified nodule formation activity in vitro. Conclusions: We successfully established a cell line that may be useful for investigating the mechanisms of normal odontogenesis as well as characteristics of odontoma tumors.”
“Increasingly sophisticated measurement technologies have allowed the fields of metabolomics and genomics to identify, in parallel, Vorinostat concentration risk factors of disease; predict drug metabolism;

and study metabolic and genetic diversity in large human populations. Yet the complementarity of these fields and the utility of studying genes and metabolites together is belied by the frequent separate, parallel applications of genomic and metabolomic analysis. Early attempts at identifying co-variation and interaction between genetic AZD7762 variants and downstream metabolic changes, including metabolic profiling of human Mendelian diseases and quantitative trait locus mapping

of individual Caspase inhibitor metabolite concentrations, have recently been extended by new experimental designs that search for a large number of gene-metabolite associations. These approaches, including metabolomic quantitiative trait locus mapping and metabolomic genome-wide association studies, involve the concurrent collection of both genomic and metabolomic data and a subsequent search for statistical associations between genetic polymorphisms and metabolite concentrations across a broad range of genes and metabolites. These new data-fusion techniques will have important consequences in functional genomics, microbial metagenomics and disease modeling, the early results and implications of which are reviewed.”
“The biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol is an environmentally friendly alternative to the most frequently used process, steam explosion (SE). However, this pretreatment can still not be industrially implemented due to long incubation times. The main objective of this work was to test the viability of and optimise the biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, which uses ligninolytic fungi (Pleurotus eryngii and Irpex lacteus) in a solid-state fermentation of sterilised wheat straw complemented with a mild alkali treatment.

The subjects were overweight or obese but otherwise healthy men and women.

Results: The subjects lost an average of 16.5 kg during phase 1 and maintained a mean (+/- SEM) weight loss of 14.5 +/- 1.2 kg (P < 0.001) during phase 2; no significant differences between groups were observed. By the end of the study, reductions in systolic blood pressure were 14.3 +/- 2.4 mm Hg for the HP group and 7.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg for the HC group (P < 0.045). Forty-seven percent of the 180 subjects who began the study completed both phases.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that the protein or carbohydrate content of the diet has no effect on successful weight-loss maintenance. A general linear model analysis Sotrastaurin clinical trial indicated that dietary

treatment (HP or HC) was a significant factor in systolic blood pressure change and in favor of the HP diet. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00625236. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 1203-14.”
“Semiconductor nanotubes, including carbon nanotubes, have vast potential for new technology development. The fundamental physics and growth kinetics of these nanotubes are still obscured. Various models developed to elucidate the growth suffer from limited applicability. An in-depth investigation of the fundamentals of nanotube growth has, therefore, been carried out. For mTOR inhibitor this investigation, various features of nanotube growth, and the role of the foreign element catalytic agent (FECA) in this growth, have been considered. Observed growth anomalies have been analyzed. Based on this analysis, a new shell model and a general hypothesis have been proposed for the growth. The essential element of the shell model is the seed generated from segregation during growth. The seed structure has been defined, and the formation of droplet from this seed has been described. A modified

definition of the droplet exhibiting adhesive properties has also been presented. Various characteristics IPI-145 nmr of the droplet, required for alignment and organization of atoms into tubular forms, have been discussed. Employing the shell model, plausible scenarios for the formation of carbon nanotubes, and the variation in the characteristics of these carbon nanotubes have been articulated. The experimental evidences, for example, for the formation of shell around a core, dipole characteristics of the seed, and the existence of nanopores in the seed, have been presented. They appear to justify the validity of the proposed model. The diversities of nanotube characteristics, fundamentals underlying the creation of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes, and the impurity generation on the surface of carbon nanotubes have been elucidated. The catalytic action of FECA on growth has been quantified. The applicability of the proposed model to the nanotube growth by a variety of mechanisms has been elaborated.

5?mg/kg, 3?mg/kg, or 6?mg/kg for 1 or 2 weeks. Results All paraplegic Epigenetics inhibitor controls developed NDO within 3 weeks from spinalization. Their baseline bladder pressure (BBP) 19?+/-?4.4?cmH2O, detrusor pressure at maximum capacity (DPMaxC) 47.6?+/-?4.3?cmH2O, bladder capacity (BC) 0.45?+/-?0.1?ml, and frequency of detrusor overactivity (FDO) 3.7?+/-?0.9/min.

Both Pregabalin and Lamotrigine produced significant improvement. Urodynamic values in those treated with 20?mg Pregabalin for 1 or 2 weeks were: BBP 11.7?+/-?1.3 and 9?+/-?0.2?cmH2O, BC 0.6?+/-?0.1 and 0.7?+/-?0.01?ml, DPMaxC 17.3?+/-?4.0 and 23?+/-?2.6?cmH2O, FDO 2.1?+/-?0.2/min and 1.7?+/-?0.1/min. Urodynamic values in those treated with 3?mg/kg Lamotrigine for 1 or 2 weeks were: BBP 9.7?+/-?2.2 and 8.6?+/-?1.9?cmH2O, DPMaxC 17.2?+/-?1.8 and 29?+/-?1.2?cmH2O, BC 0.7?+/-?0.1 and 0.8?+/-?0.1?ml, FDO 1.9?+/-?0.2/min

and 1.9?+/-?0.2/min (P?<?0.001). Conclusions Pregabalin and Lamotrigine may represent novel alternative treatments of NDO. Clinical trials remain to be performed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:11971202, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Biotranformation of ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1) using Psilocybe Crenolanib clinical trial cubensis resulted in hydroxylated products. After two days of incubation, ent-16,17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (2) was isolated. After further incubation for nine days, two novel metabolites, ent-12,16,17-trihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (3) and ent-11,16,17-trihydroxy-kauran-19-oic GSK2118436 ic50 acid (4), were obtained. The metabolites were identified by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against the human leukaemia K562 cell line; only compound 1 showed moderate activity.”
“OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of vaginal cuff dehiscence after different routes of

hysterectomy and methods of cuff closure.

METHODS: A multi-institutional analysis of 12,398 patients who underwent hysterectomy for both benign and malignant disease between 1994 and 2008 was performed. We analyzed how different routes of hysterectomy and approaches to cuff suture may influence the risk of development of vaginal dehiscence.

RESULTS: Women who had total laparoscopic (n=3,573), abdominal (n=4,291), and vaginal (n=4,534) hysterectomies experienced 23 (0.64%), 9 (0.2%), and 6 (0.13%) cases of vaginal cuff dehiscence, respectively. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with a higher incidence of cuff separations, compared with abdominal hysterectomy (0.64% compared with 0.21%, P=.003) and vaginal hysterectomy (0.64% compared with 0.13%, P<.001). Within the endoscopic group, patients who underwent vaginal closure with laparoscopic knots had a higher rate of cuff dehiscence than patients who had suture with transvaginal knots (20 of 2,332 [0.86%] compared with 3 of 1,241 [0.24%], P=.028).

“
“Objective: To assess social, economic and medical data concerning children without a resident permit taken into care by the Children’s Hospital of Lausanne (HEL) in order to evaluate their specific needs.

Methods: Prospective exploratory study by a questionnaire including the socio-demographic, medical and education data of 103 children without a resident permit, who consulted the HEL for the first time between August 2003 and March 2006. These children were then recalled for a second check-up one year later in order to allow a regular monitoring.

Results: Eighty-seven percent of the children were native of Latin America, 36%

being less than two years old. This population of children lived in precarious conditions with a family income lower than the poverty level (89% of the families with less than 3100 CHF/month). Forty-five percent Selleckchem C59 wnt of the children had a health insurance. The main reasons for consultation were infectious diseases, a check-up requested by the school LY2603618 nmr or a check-up concerning newborn children. Most of them were in good health and the others were affected by illnesses similar to those found in other children of the same age. At least 13% of the children were obese and 27% were overweight. All children who were of educational age went to school during the year after the first check-up and 48% were affiliated to a health insurance.

Conclusions:

The majority of the children from Latin America lived in very precarious conditions. Their general health status was good and most of them could benefit from regular check-ups. Prevention, focused on a healthier life style, was particularly important among this population characterised by a high incidence of overweight and obesity.”
“BRCA2 is a breast tumour susceptibility factor with functions in maintaining genome stability through ensuring efficient double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair via homologous recombination. Although best known in vertebrates, fungi, and higher plants also possess BRCA2-like genes. To investigate the role of Arabidopsis BRCA2 genes in DNA repair in somatic

cells, transposon insertion mutants of the AtBRCA2a and AtBRCA2b genes were identified and characterized. atbrca2a-1 and atbrca2b-1 mutant plants showed hypersensitivity to genotoxic stresses compared to wild-type Selleckchem H 89 plants. An atbrca2a-1/atbrca2b-1 double mutant showed an additive increase in sensitivity to genotoxic stresses compared to each single mutant. In addition, it was found that atbrca2 mutant plants displayed fasciation and abnormal phyllotaxy phenotypes with low incidence, and that the ratio of plants exhibiting these phenotypes is increased by g-irradiation. Interestingly, these phenotypes were also induced by g-irradiation in wild-type plants. Moreover, it was found that shoot apical meristems of the atbrca2a-1/atbrca2b-1 double mutant show altered cell cycle progression.

The simultaneous sorption of the bivalent metal ions by the PGAM(1) gels indicates ZD1839 concentration that Pb(II) is selectively sorbed. The FT-IR spectra show that the carboxylate groups are mainly responsible for the metal ion coordination. The ability of PGAM(2) to accumulate Cr(III), Cu(II), and Pb(II) was lower than that found in the PGAM(1) systems whereas the sorption of Zn(II) and Cd(II) was negligible. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Absorption of a photon by visual pigments induces isomerization of 11-cis-retinaldehyde (RAL) chromophore to all-trans-RAL. Since the opsins lacking 11-cis-RAL lose light sensitivity, sustained vision requires continuous regeneration of 11-cis-RAL via the process called ‘visual cycle’.

Protostomes and vertebrates use essentially different machinery of visual pigment regeneration, and the origin and early evolution of the vertebrate visual

cycle is an unsolved mystery. Here DMH1 solubility dmso we compare visual retinoid cycles between different photoreceptors of vertebrates, including rods, cones and non-visual photoreceptors, as well as between vertebrates and invertebrates. The visual cycle systems in ascidians, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, show an intermediate state between vertebrates and non-chordate invertebrates. The ascidian larva may use retinochrome-like opsin as the major isomerase. The entire process of the visual cycle can occur inside the photoreceptor cells with distinct subcellular compartmentalization, although the visual cycle components are also present in surrounding non-photoreceptor cells. The adult ascidian probably uses RPE65 isomerase, and trans-to-cis isomerization may occur in distinct cellular compartments, which is similar to the vertebrate situation. The complete transition to the sophisticated retinoid cycle of vertebrates Selleck Alvespimycin may have required acquisition of new genes, such as interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, and functional

evolution of the visual cycle genes.”
“P>In plant chloroplasts, the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the large subunit of the ribosome undergoes post-maturation fragmentation processing. This processing consists of site-specific cleavage that generates gapped, discontinuous rRNA molecules. However, the molecular mechanism underlying introduction of the gap structure (the ‘hidden break’) is poorly understood. Here, we found that the DEAD box protein RH39 plays a key role in introduction of the hidden break into the 23S rRNA in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Genetic screening for an Arabidopsis plant with a drastically reduced level of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase identified an RH39 mutant. The levels of other chloroplast-encoded photosynthetic proteins were also severely reduced. The reductions were not due to a failure of transcription, but rather inefficiency in translation. RNA gel blotting revealed incomplete fragmentation of 23S rRNA in chloroplasts during maturation.

“
“Assays for identification and quantification of host-cell proteins (HCPs) in biotherapeutic proteins over 5 orders of magnitude in concentration are presented. The HCP assays

consist of two types: HCP identification using comprehensive online two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (2D-LC/MS), followed by high-throughput HCP quantification by liquid chromatography, multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MRM). The former is described as a “”discovery”" assay, the latter as a “”monitoring”" assay. Purified biotherapeutic proteins (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) were digested with trypsin after reduction and alkylation, and the digests were fractionated using

reversed-phase (RP) buy LY2606368 chromatography at high pH (pH 10) by a step gradient in the first dimension, followed by a high-resolution ASP2215 cost separation at low pH (pH 2.5) in the second dimension. As peptides eluted from the second dimension, a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used to detect the peptides and their fragments simultaneously by alternating the collision cell energy between a low and an elevated energy (MS’ methodology). The MS’ data was used to identify and quantify the proteins in the mixture using a proven label-free quantification technique (“”Hi3″” method). The same data set was mined to subsequently develop target peptides and transitions for monitoring the concentration Selleck BMS-754807 of selected HCPs on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in a high-throughput manner (20 min LC-MRM analysis). This analytical methodology was applied to the identification and quantification of low-abundance HCPs in six samples of PTG1, a recombinant chimeric anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody (mAb). Thirty three

HCPs were identified in total from the PTG1 samples among which 21 HCP isoforms were selected for MRM monitoring. The absolute quantification of three selected HCPs was undertaken on two different LC-MRM platforms after spiking isotopically labeled peptides in the samples. Finally, the MRM quantitation results were compared with TOF-based quantification based on the Hi3 peptides, and the TOF and MRM data sets correlated reasonably well. The results show that the assays provide detailed valuable information to understand the relative contributions of purification schemes to the nature and concentrations of HCP impurities in biopharmaceutical samples, and the assays can be used as generic methods for HCP analysis in the biopharmaceutical industry.”
“In view of the reputation of genus Salvia in folklore medicine and its abundance in our region, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from S. santolinifolia Boiss. was analyzed.

Research supports the need for multimodality and individualized treatment programs. Research validates that video and visual learning is highly effective with children with ASD when utilized with specific, appropriate targets. Multiple studies have shown that picture-based communication systems are effective at improving functional communication with moderate effects on social communication. Despite limitations in research, there is strong evidence BGJ398 in vivo in the existing

literature for the role of alternative augmentative communication in improving both functional and social communication.SummarySocial pragmatic interventions when individualized are effective for improving language, adaptive behavior and social skills.”
“Platelets are the fundamental players in primary hemostasis, but are also involved in several pathological conditions. The remarkable advances in proteomic methodologies have allowed a better understanding of the basic physiological pathways underlying platelet biology. In addition, recent platelet proteomics focused on disease conditions, helping to elucidate the molecular mechanisms

of complex and/or unknown human disorders and to find novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug targets. The most common and innovative proteomic techniques, both gel-based and gel-free, used in platelet proteomics will be reviewed here. A particular focus will be given to studies that used a subproteomic strategy to analyze specific platelet conditions (resting or activated), compartments (membrane, granules and microparticles) PND-1186 nmr or fractions (phosphoproteome or glycoproteome). The thousands of platelet proteins and interactions discovered so far by these different powerful proteomic high throughput screening compounds approaches represent a precious source of information for both basic science and clinical applications in the field of platelet biology.”
“Background: The study of insight in bipolar disorder has received limited attention, despite its potential impact on treatment compliance

and prognosis. In the current study we compare insight levels during different phases of bipolar disorder, and consider its relationship to symptoms dimensions and epidemiologic variables.

Methods: Insight ratings obtained from 156 bipolar subjects in any phase of bipolar disorder were compared. A regression analysis was also conducted to identify symptom dimensions predictive of insight levels.

Results: Greater impairments in insight were observed during pure manic episodes than during mixed or depressed episodes, or during euthymia. Depressive symptoms were associated with better insight. Improvements in insight with treatment were neither complete nor universal. Lack of insight was unrelated to age, years of illness, age of first psychiatric illness, or lifetime number of hospitalizations.

Conclusions: Although psychosis may be associated with impaired insight, other variables also impact on degree of impaired insight.

03). There were no differences in changes in HRQOL scores between the groups over 3 months.

Conclusions: Positive effects of the intervention on survival were found. However, there was no significant difference in changes in HRQOL.”
“In this study, the effect of the dopant structure on the morphology, structure, optical absorption, conductivity, and thermal properties of conductive polyaniline (PAn)/silica (SiO(2)) hybrids from a sol-gel process was

first investigated. Camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) and dodecylbenzylsulfonic acid (DBSA) were used as the model acid dopants. The polaron absorption peaks of the CSA-doped PAn/SiO(2) (CSA-PAn/SiO(2)) hybrids were redshifted compared with those of the DBSA-PAn/SiO(2) hybrids. This indicated that the doped PAn subchains of the CSA-PAn/SiO(2) hybrids had

a more rigid conformation check details and longer conjugation length than those of DBSA-PAn/SiO(2) hybrids. Therefore, the CSA-PAn/SiO(2) hybrids were more conductive than the DBSA-PAn/SiO(2) INCB028050 inhibitor hybrids with same SiO(2) contents. Moreover, the CSAPAn/SiO(2) hybrids exhibited higher SiO(2) condensation degrees and thermal resistance than the DBSA-PAn/SiO(2) hybrids with same SiO(2) contents. In addition, the CSAPAn/SiO(2) films exhibited a nonuniform globular morphology, whereas the DBSA-PAn/SiO(2) films showed an interconnected and rugged fibrillar one. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 934-945, 2010″
“P>The integrity of the genome is a fundamental prerequisite for the well-being of all living

organisms. Critical for the genomic integrity are effective DNA damage detection mechanisms that enable the cell to rapidly activate the necessary repair machinery. Here, we describe Arabidopsis thaliana ATCSA-1, which is an ortholog of the mammalian Cockayne Syndrome type-A protein involved in transcription-coupled DNA repair processes. ALK inhibitor ATCSA-1 is a critical component for initiating the repair of UV-B-induced DNA lesions, and, together with the damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2), is necessary for light-independent repair processes in Arabidopsis. The transcriptional profile of both genes revealed that ATCSA-1 is strongly expressed in most tissues, whereas DDB2 is only weakly expressed, predominantly in the root tips and anthers of flowers. In contrast to ATCSA-1, DDB2 expression is rapidly inducible by UV treatment. Like DDB2, ATCSA-1 is localized to the nucleus, and assembles with DDB1 and CUL4 proteins into a complex. ATCSA-1 is an unstable protein that is degraded in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner. Overall, the results presented here form a functional description of a plant Cockayne syndrome factor A (CSA) ortholog, and demonstrate the importance of ATCSA-1 for UV-B tolerance.”
“Purpose: To prospectively determine clinical value of dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of disease activity in perianal Crohn disease (CD).