The viability criteria Erastin cost for accepting a cell culture for use in the assay is set to >85%. Instructions on how to gate cells for phenotypic quality control and viability analysis are provided in Fig. 1B and C, respectively. The GARD input concentration of chemicals to be assayed is determined as described in the material & methods section. Following 24 h incubation, cells are harvested, RNA is isolated, cDNA is prepared and arrays are hybridized, washed and scanned as described. Once the array data is acquired,

it should be merged with a training data set, which consists of measurements of all 38 reference chemicals run during assay development (Johansson et al., 2011). The data is normalized with Affymetrix’s RMA algorithm. A data set consisting of both train data and any new samples that are to be assayed is now available for analysis. At this point, an SVM is trained on the training data. The trained SVM is a model, or an equation, that describes the hyperplane that best separates sensitizers from non-sensitizers in the train data. This model can then be applied to predict any unknown samples, i.e. the test data, as either sensitizers or non-sensitizers. The trained data is shown in a 3D PCA plot based on the GARD Prediction Signature in Fig. 1D, with a hyperplane represented as a 2D plane. This illustrates

the classifications performed by the SVM, visible and interpretable by the human eye, as unknown Rebamipide samples of a hypothetical test set (dark red) that group together with sensitizers selleck chemicals of the training data (bright red) on one side of the hyperplane would be classified as sensitizers, while unknown samples that group together with non-sensitizers of the training data (green) on the other side of the hyperplane would be classified as non-sensitizers. The actual

SVM output is displayed as prediction values, corresponding to the Euclidean distance between the sample to be classified and the hyperplane. Thus, the decision value for any given sample represents the position of the sample in comparison to the hyperplane. Consequently, a positive prediction value denotes a sensitizer, and a negative value denotes a non-sensitizer. In addition, potency of a predicted sensitizer will be determined by the absolute value of the decision value, i.e. the actual distance to the hyperplane. A large decision value corresponds to a strong sensitizer, while a small decision value corresponds to a weaker sensitizer. In this section, the assessment of two chemicals will be exemplified, step by step. We will study the two compounds 2-nitro-1,4-phenylendiamine, a strong sensitizer according to the LLNA, and methyl salicylate, a non-sensitizer. Both of these compounds were used for the development of GARD, but for the sake of this exercise, they will be removed from the available data set and treated as unknown samples.

Based on the results in Fig. 2b, the remaining experiments were conducted employing

initial solution pH = 6. Also, this close-to-neutral pH was selected to avoid the possibility of leaching of organic matter from the adsorbent that might occur at the lower or higher ends of the pH scale. The influence of adsorbent dosage on the efficiency of phenylalanine removal can be viewed in Fig. 2c. Removal efficiency increased with the increase in adsorbent dosage (mass), being attributed to the increase in surface area. However, the amount of PHE adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent decreased with increasing adsorbent mass, due to the increase in adsorbate/adsorbent ratio. Thus, the remaining experiments were conducted with an adsorbent dosage of 10 g L−1, given that lower dosages did not present satisfactory Veliparib Idelalisib cell line adsorption efficiency (PHE removal percentage) whereas higher dosages led to a significant decrease in adsorption capacity. The adsorption data presented in Fig. 3 show that adsorption presents a strong dependency on PHE initial concentration and that a contact time of 4 h assured attainment of equilibrium conditions for all initial PHE concentrations.

An increase in the initial PHE concentration led to an increase in total amount adsorbed, due to the corresponding increase in driving force (PHE concentration gradient). Regardless of the initial PHE concentration, adsorption can be described by a two-stage kinetic behavior, with a rapid initial adsorption during the first 15 min,

followed by a slower rate afterward. The faster initial PHE adsorption could be an indication that the resistance to bulk diffusion is negligible in comparison to the resistance to intra-particle diffusion. The same qualitative behavior was observed for experiments conducted at higher temperature values. The controlling mechanism of the adsorption process was investigated by fitting pseudo first and second-order kinetic models to the experimental data (Ho, 2006): equation(3) Pseudofirst-order:qt=qe(1−e−k1t) Urocanase equation(4) Pseudosecond-order:tqt=1k2qe2+tqewhere qe and qt correspond to the amount of PHE adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent (mg g−1) at equilibrium and at time t, respectively, and kn is the rate constant for nth order adsorption (kn units are h−1 for n = 1 and g mg−1 h−1 for n = 2). The results for the fits of the kinetic models and their estimates for equilibrium adsorption capacity are displayed in Table 2. The best-fit model was selected based on both the regression correlation coefficients (r2) and the difference between experimental (qt,exp) and model-estimated (qt,est) values, evaluated by a root mean square error measure: equation(5) RMS(%)=100∑[(qt,est−qt,exp)/qt,exp]2/Nwhere N is the number of experimental points.

They first completed tests of ability, and then measures of personality and learning approaches. The order of tests GSK-3 activity was the same across universities. Students took voluntarily part in the study or in exchange for course credit; all participants were debriefed after the testing. The analyses were conducted using SPSS 19 and AMOS 19. For the Big Five, unit-weighted composite scores were computed, adjusted for the number

of items. For TIE, the first unrotated component was retained as regression score (cf. Goff & Ackerman, 1992). After computing correlations, a structural equation model was fitted to examine the variables’ inter-relations. From the learning motive and strategy scales, a respective latent factor was

extracted for each learning approach. The Big Five, TIE and intelligence were modeled as exogenous variables with direct paths to each of the latent learning approaches. Learning approaches were allowed to freely correlate, and so were all independent variables. The model was fitted to two independent sub-samples (N = 281 and N = 308), as well as the overall sample to compare estimates and confirm model solutions. Full information maximum likelihood estimation was employed to avoid omission of cases with missing data ( Arbuckle, 1996). Table 1 reports the descriptive, coefficient alpha values and correlations for all study variables. selleckchem Intelligence was significantly and negatively associated with surface and achieving strategy with coefficients of r = −.13 and r = −.12, respectively (p < .01, in all cases here and below). No other significant associations of intelligence with learning strategies or motives were observed. Learning approaches correlated significantly mafosfamide with personality: Conscientiousness was positively associated with deep and achieving strategy (r = .16 and r = .23, respectively), and with achieving motive (r = .17), while Openness was negatively related to surface strategy (r = −.18). There were no other significant correlations between learning approaches

and the Big Five. TIE was significantly correlated with intelligence and all motives and strategies with coefficients ranging from −.36 (with surface strategy) to .56 (deep motive); overall, TIE showed the greatest overlap with learning approaches. Models fitted to the subsamples and the overall sample did not differ notably. Estimates from the full sample model are reported, which proved an adequate fit to the data (χ2 (df = 27) = 75.69; CFI = .967; TLI = .890; RMSEA .056; Confidence Interval of 90% from .041 to .071). TIE was significantly associated with all learning approaches: negatively with surface learning, and positively with deep and achieving learning with path parameters of −.47, .71 and .24, respectively (Fig. 1). Intelligence was negatively, significantly related to deep learning with a path parameter of −.10, and had no other meaningful associations.

The Convention on Biological Diversity calls E7080 chemical structure for “effective conservation” of 10 percent of the world’s marine and coastal ecological resources (Convention on Biological Diversity, 1999). Yet, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources reports that just 1.2 percent of global oceans now benefit from some form of protected status, mostly near shore, as MPAs total 4.1 percent within Exclusive Economic Zones (Toropova et al., 2010). Definitions of protected

areas, and levels of effective protection, vary among nations and between the U.S. federal and California government. The current national inventory (Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, 2011) identifies 1681 MPAs in the U.S., with 98% of the total area included

in MPAs under federal jurisdiction and only 3% of the total area in “no take” MPAs. Creation of extensive MPAs by sub-national governments appears to be globally rare and California is the first state in the U.S. to create a scientifically-based, coherent network of MPAs in state waters, including many “no-take” MPAs. While enacting legislation to authorize Nutlin-3a research buy a new program, such as redesigning and adaptively managing a network of MPAs, is a difficult and significant task, it is often harder to actually implement such legislation, as impacts on specific places and users intensifies conflicts ( Layzer, 2008). This paper provides an overview of California’s effort to create a statewide network of MPAs between 2004 and 2011 based on the planning work of the Thymidylate synthase Marine Life Protection Act Initiative (Initiative), a public–private partnership created to help the state implement the Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) enacted in19992 which had six unranked goals (Table 1). The Initiative was launched following two prior unsuccessful efforts to implement the MLPA (Gleason et al., 2010; Weible, 2008). Importantly, the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) creating the Initiative anticipated

dividing the statewide effort into multiple regional planning processes for geographically defined study regions and MPA planning has been completed in four (Fig. 1). The MOU also identified several volunteer bodies to help carry out the Initiative’s charge which were critical for successful implementation of the MLPA. The volunteer bodies included a Blue Ribbon Task Force (BRTF), a Master Plan Science Advisory Team (SAT), and a Regional Stakeholder Group (RSG) for each region of the state, as well as a Statewide Interests Group (SIG) to provide input throughout the process. Only the SAT has statute-based roles; the others existed only on the basis of MOUs. Individuals involved in these volunteer bodies donated hundreds of hours of their time to participate in the planning process (Gleason et al., 2013). Over seven years, $19.5 million from private charitable foundations and approximately $18.

50 This data is also consistent with the WHO circulation patterns for 2010 and 2011 for India which also shows a clear peak coinciding with the rainy season across the country. These data illustrate the difficulty in having effective uniform vaccination timing for a vast country like India and have implications when formulating vaccination policies. The evidence of antigenic drifts of circulating influenza viruses in India, together with the temporal peaks in seasonality of influenza in different parts of the country;

illustrate the need for a staggered approach in vaccination timing. Hence, the best time for offering Wnt inhibitor vaccine for individuals residing in southern states would be just before the onset of rainy season, i.e. before October while for rest of the country,

it should be before June. Though, the committee acknowledges that this issue is still contentious and unresolved. This is to be noted that WHO convenes two meetings to provide recommendations for the usage of influenza vaccine in February and September each year. The vaccine for the February recommendations (Northern hemisphere) and September recommendations (Southern hemisphere) becomes available after 6 months of each recommendation. With the above background the vaccine that shall be available in March–April 2012 (Southern hemisphere) this year selleck screening library is based on the recommendation made in September 2011 which took into account the data from the past year Org 27569 i.e. August 2010–Sept 2011 (thus covering India’s rainy season peak last year from June to August 2011).

Whereas the vaccine that shall be available in August 2012 (Northern hemisphere, with the 2 new strains) shall be based on the recommendation made in February 2012 which took into account the data from the past year i.e. March 2011–Feb 2012 which means that by the time it is available in August 2012, the most of the country barring southern states may have already passed the peak influenza activity. In addition to this, WHO classifies India under the ‘South Asia’ transmission zone of influenza circulation. This along with summary review of the 2011 southern hemisphere winter influenza season49 strongly points India’s alignment with the availability of Southern hemisphere vaccine (March–April) to ensure we have the latest available strains for early vaccination to prevent the peak of circulation of Influenza in the rainy season across the country. (Abstracted from: Consensus Recommendations on Immunization and IAP Immunization Timetable 2012, Indian Pediatrics, July 2012, Vol: 49, pp: 549–565. Available from:http://www.indianpediatrics.net/july2012/549.pdfAccessed on July 18, 2012.) Full-size table The author has none to declare. “
“Inorganic arsenic is a potent human carcinogen, and skin is known to be one of the most susceptible human organs affected by chronic environmental exposure to this metalloid (Bolt, 2012).

Przy przyjęciu do kliniki stan ogólny

dziecka oceniono jako dobry, w badaniu przedmiotowym nie stwierdzono istotnych odchyleń od stanu prawidłowego. Badanie mikrobiologiczne kału w kierunku Clostridium difficile potwierdziło obecność toksyny A i B w kale dziecka. Do leczenia włączono wankomycynę w dawce 40 mg/kg masy ciała/dobę przez okres 7 dni. W wyniku zastosowanego leczenia uzyskano poprawę w zakresie konsystencji stolców, nie obserwowano patologicznych domieszek. Dziecko w stanie ogólnym dobrym wypisano do domu, nie obserwowano nawrotu choroby. Etiopatogeneza biegunki związanej z antybiotykoterapią jest złożona i nie w pełni poznana. Istotny wpływ na wystąpienie biegunki ma zmiana składu ekosystemu mikrobiontów przewodu pokarmowego. Alpelisib price Mniej istotne znaczenie w etiopatogenezie mają zaburzenia motoryki jelit, zespół złego wchłaniania wynikający z uszkodzenia błony śluzowej, zaburzenia trawienia węglowodanów oraz nieprawidłowa degradacja wolnych kwasów żółciowych. Pod wpływem antybiotykoterapii równowaga mikrobiotyczna zostaje zaburzona, miejsce korzystnych szczepów bakteryjnych Lactobacillus i Bifidobacterium zajmują drobnoustroje patogenne, na przykład Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Candida spp., Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile [2] and [3]. Istnieją czynniki

predysponujące do wystąpienia biegunki związanej z antybiotykoterapią, takie jak długotrwała antybiotykoterapia, Selleckchem Y-27632 szczególnie z zastosowaniem antybiotyków o szerokim spektrum działania oraz gorzej wchłaniających się w jelitach, występowanie chorób ogólnoustrojowych o ciężkim przebiegu, zaburzeń odporności, hospitalizacja, przebycie biegunki po zastosowaniu antybiotyku w przeszłości oraz podeszły lub młody

wiek (poniżej 6. roku życia, powyżej 65. roku życia) [1]. Szacuje się, że częstość występowania biegunki związanej z antybiotykoterapią w populacji dziecięcej wynosi 11–40%, częściej dotyczy dzieci poniżej 2. roku życia [4], [5] and [6]. Zastosowanie find more niektórych antybiotyków częściej prowadzić może do biegunki. Wykazano, że najczęściej dochodzi do niej w wyniku stosowania aminopenicylin, zwłaszcza w połączeniu z kwasem klawulanowym, niektórych cefalosporyn i klindamycyny [5] and [6]. Potencjalnie małe ryzyko wystąpienia biegunki wynikającej z antybiotykoterapii jest związane z podawaniem: makrolidów, aminoglikozydów, wankomycyny, metronidazolu, tetracyklin [7]. Droga podania antybiotyku doustna czy parenteralna, a także wielkość dawki nie mają wpływu na występowanie biegunki związanej ze stosowaniem antybiotyku. Do rozwoju biegunki może dojść już w kilka godzin od rozpoczęcia antybiotykoterapii, ale także po kilku tygodniach od momentu rozpoczęcia leczenia przeciwbakteryjnego (do 6 tygodni). U przedstawionych przez nas pacjentów II i IV biegunka pojawiła się po kilku dniach stosowania antybiotykoterapii.

A.R.) sought in 1995, histologic guidance and training on sporadic flat colonic adenomas by Dr Tetsuichiro Muto, Tokyo University, Japan. Subsequently, one of the authors reviewed all sporadic flat adenomas filed at Muto’s Department8 and later examined all sporadic flat adenomas filed at other hospitals in the Tokyo area.9, 10 and 11 A total of 1014 flat colorectal lesions were reviewed in Tokyo, which Selleck Lapatinib were compared with 600 lesions in Sweden. Those studies

revealed that sporadic flat (nonpolypoid) adenomas were more advanced (in terms of high-grade dysplasia [HGD]) and more aggressive (in terms of intramucosal and submucosal invasion) in Japan than in Sweden. Although the causes for the difference in those disparate geographic regions remains debatable, the findings helped us to understand some of the unclear

points and discussions that appeared in the literature on this subject. In 1996, Jaramillo and colleagues3 detected at endoscopy 104 small polyps in 38 of 85 Swedish patients with UC: 74% were endoscopically flat, 23% polypoid (20% sessile and 3% pedunculated), and in 3% the endoscopic appearance was not recorded. The pathologic examination revealed nonpolypoid (flat) adenomas in 14%, tubular or villous structures with dysplastic cells in the lower part of the crypts in 5%, nonpolypoid hyperplastic polyps in 34%, mucosa with inflammation in 7%, and mucosa in remission in 40%. Data show that nonpolypoid adenomatous lesions are commonly found in IBD colectomy specimens with carcinoma. One of the authors has previously reviewed 96 colectomy specimens with GSK269962 mouse UC and carcinoma filed at the Department of Pathology, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK (Fig. 1). A total of 3049 sections were available in the 96 colectomy specimens; the mean number of sections/colectomy studied was 31.8 (range 7–97 sections).1 In addition to carcinomas, several circumscribed adenomatous

lesions were found elsewhere in the colon or rectum; they will be referred Acetophenone to as synchronous adenomatous lesions (SALs). Using a low-power examination (4x), the histologic profile of these circumscribed lesions was classified into polypoid and nonpolypoid, both in areas with UC and in areas without inflammation. A total of 104 SALs were found in the 96 colectomies: 73 SALs, which occurred in areas with inflammation, and 31 SALs, in areas without inflammation. Polypoid SALs were recorded in 35% (n = 34) of the 96 colectomies. Polypoid SALs in areas with inflammation exhibited irregular dysplastic glands with a jigsaw pattern having irregular bands in the interspersed lamina propria. The mucosa adjacent to these adenomatous lesions showed irregular, dysplastic crypts. Polypoid SALs were found in 47% (n = 34) of the 73 SALs occurring in areas with inflammation. Polypoid SALs in areas without inflammation had a more regular glandular pattern and the interspersed lamina propria was more regularly distributed, and the adjacent mucosa showed no dysplasia.

1. The turbine test section was located 15 m downstream of the wave-maker. The wave channel was installed with a piston type wave-maker. By controlling the displacement selleck products and velocity of the wave-maker desired waves of various heights and periods was obtained. The torque generated by

the turbine was measured using a torque meter. Pulley was attached on the runner shaft and via a timing belt the torque was transferred to the torque meter for data logging. The rotational speed (N) of the turbine was measured using a revolution counter attached to the torque meter. A capacitance type wave gauge was installed 3.65 m upstream from the turbine centre. This gage was used to measure the incoming wave properties such as wave height (H) and wave period (T). Another wave gauge was installed in the rear chamber to record the oscillation of the water level in the chamber which was then used to calculate the volume flow rate (Q). Two pressure transducers one each in the front nozzle and rear nozzle check details were attached to measure the pressure and later the reading was

analyzed to obtain the head loss across the turbine (ΔH). The data was handled using a data logger. All the digital signal measurements were logged simultaneously and data acquisition was done at 20 ms intervals. Measurement uncertainties for turbine performance under a loaded condition were estimated to be Q=±1.39%, ΔH=±1.0%, T=±1.4%, PT=±1.5% and η=±2.23% respectively. Here PT and η are turbine power and turbine

efficiency respectively. Three-dimensional modeling was carried out using commercial software, UniGraphics NX 4. Fig. 2 shows Fenbendazole the test model with the turbine. The total length of the augmentation channel was 700 mm. The width of the front guide nozzle, the augmentation channel and the rear chamber was also 700 mm. The augmentation channel consists of front nozzle, rear nozzle and the turbine. Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram for the augmentation channel and front guide nozzle. The front guide divergence angle, α, was 14° and the front guide nozzle inlet width, WG, was 823 mm. The length, height and width of Numerical Wave-tank (NWT) were 15 m, 1.5 m and 1 m respectively and the height of the rear chamber was 1.5 m. Schematic of the runner of the cross-flow turbine is shown in Fig. 4. There are a total of 30 blades, the length of the runner, L is 700 mm, the outer diameter Do is 260 mm and the inner diameter Di of the runner is 165 mm. The blade entry and exit angles are 30° and 90° respectively. These dimensions are from the actual runner used in the experiments. Computational grid is generated using ANSYS ICEM – CFD. The computational domain is discretized with hexahedral grid. The hexahedral grids are used to ensure that the obtained results are of highest quality that is, high accuracy. The total number of nodes for all the models was 500,000. Fig. 5 shows grid generation for the various parts. The individual components were exported to ANSYS CFX Pre.

57; t(5) = 6.36, p = .001], but importantly the reaction time in the V4 TMS condition was not at ceiling and is in line with previous effects seen ABT-263 clinical trial with online TMS priming studies ( Campana et al., 2002 and Campana et al., 2008). Having determined within site effects, we then compared the magnitude of reduction in colour priming across sites by calculating the difference between the sizes of the priming effect

in the post cTBS conditions relative to baseline for each group using a between subjects t-test. This showed that there was a significant disruption in colour priming following cTBS to human V4 relative to MT/V5 [t(10) = 2.52, p = .015, one-tailed] and relative to the vertex [t(10) = 2.029, p = .035, one-tailed], but that the effects of stimulation to MT/V5 and the vertex did

not differ from one another [t(10) = −.105 p = .918; Fig. 1b]. These findings demonstrate a site specific disruption in colour priming following cTBS and are consistent with the notion that the perceptual priming of visual attributes relies upon neural activity in functionally specialized regions of the visual cortex (Tulving and Schacter, 1990). They parallel findings that macaques show deficits in colour priming following lesions to macaque area V4 (Walsh et al., 2000) and extend findings that neural activity in human MT/V5 is crucial for motion Protein kinase N1 priming in humans (Campana et al., 2002), by showing that other functionally specialized extrastriate regions play a critical role in perceptual PLX3397 priming for healthy adults. It should be noted, however, that while we have shown a disruption

of colour priming by stimulating previously reported coordinates for V4, the V4 site is on the ventral surface of the cortex and likely to be at the limits of the depth of human brain stimulation. However, in light of the expected functions of the nearby cortical regions, the most parsimonious explanation of the data obtained is that the effects were due to disruption of area V4/regions involved in colour processing rather than more superficial regions. Future studies may clarify this. This work was supported by the British Academy (M.J.B.), the ESRC (M.J.B.), the MRC (V.W.), and the National Science Council, Taiwan (N.G.M.; 100-2410-H-008-074-MY3). We would like to thank Amy Murphy for her assistance with this project. “
“The authors regret that in the article referenced above the affiliations for Tereza Lopotová and Jaroslav Polák were incorrect as published. The correct affiliations are given above. Also, in reference number [19] the name J. Moravcová was listed twice. The second mention should be K. Machová Poláková. The corrected Reference is as follows: [19] T. Lopotová, J. Moravcová, V. Polívková, J. Polák, J. Schwarz, H. Klamová, K.

Overall, this mix of objectives led to a negotiated geographic distribution of no-take zones within the GMR [22]. The final stages in reaching Trametinib ic50 consensus

on the zoning utilized “an innovative method for conflict management, which was strongly based on incentive and pressure strategies” ( [15], p. 16), which were aiming to link directly the final PCZ proposal to the management of the GMR’s fisheries [15]. In other words, decisions on all measures to regulate the area’s fisheries in 2000 were conditioned on the achievement of a zoning agreement. Even more important as an incentive for adoption of the zoning was the agreement to develop an “action plan” to provide alternative livelihoods to the fishing sector in order to “compensate” them for the short-term impacts of the zoning [15]. These included the promise to allocate commercial diving and sport fishing licenses to those fishers that wanted to leave commercial fishing and become tourist operators. The zoning arrangement was finally approved by “consensus” in 2000. Crizotinib nmr It includes 130 management zones, comprising 14 separate conservation zones, 62 tourism zones, 45

fishing zones and 9 mixed management zones ([22]; see Fig. 2). Conservation and tourism zones (i.e., no-take zones) encompass 18% of the Galapagos coastline [15]. Each individual zone ranges in size from small offshore islets to a 70 km span of coast [22]. However, no offshore boundaries were established. As a result, the total marine area per zone was not legally agreed on. The co-management system faced several conflicts after the zoning was approved, most related to management of the sea cucumber fishery and to development of the legal framework necessary to implement the principles

and rules established Avelestat (AZD9668) in the GSL and GMRMP [14]. As a consequence, the physical demarcation of the zoning was delayed by six years. During that period, enforcement was weak as the GNP lacked adequate control and surveillance infrastructures, and some fishers were unaware of the zoning boundaries [24]. As a result, the GNP decided to focus on preventing illegal harvesting of tuna and sharks by large-scale fleets from mainland Ecuador, and to combat local illegal fishing during sea cucumber and spiny lobster fishing seasons [25]. Despite those efforts, several infractions occurred, most related to illegal fishing of sea cucumber in no-take zones [24]. The zoning system was physically demarcated in September 2006, but despite this, illegal fishing in no-take zones continues to occur [26]. Nevertheless, the adoption of a vehicle monitoring system (VMS), jointly with the improvement of surveillance and sanction capacity, has contributed successfully to reduce illegal harvesting by large-scale fleets, which frequently attempt to harvest tuna and shark species inside the boundaries of the GMR (M.