We hypothesized that HIV-infected children with hyperlipidaemia have higher levels of selected biomarkers associated with vascular inflammation pathways BGJ398 compared with HIV-infected children without hyperlipidaemia and HEU children (with

and without hyperlipidaemia). Furthermore, we sought to determine whether metabolic, anthropometric and disease- or treatment-specific factors are associated with higher levels of these biomarkers. Participants were enrolled in the Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP), part of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-supported Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS). Eligible children were between 7 and 16 years old and born to HIV-infected mothers. The AMP study has enrolled 451 children with perinatal

HIV infection and 227 HEU children. Enrolment began in March 2007 at 15 sites in the USA and Puerto Rico, and recruitment was completed in December 2009. The overall aims of the prospective PHACS study are to determine the impact of HIV infection and ARV therapy on several clinical outcomes in pre-adolescents and adolescents, including growth, nutrition and cardio-metabolic risk. The PHACS protocol requires that all HIV-infected children have fasting lipids measured annually. The protocol also SCH727965 purchase requires that repository specimens be drawn at the entry visit for all participants. As these are paediatric patients, the amount of specimen varies across individuals. As of August 2009, there were 357 HIV-infected children enrolled in the study who had fasting lipids measured at the entry visit and 184 HEU children with an entry visit. We determined that 226 of 357

HIV-infected selleck chemicals children and 140 of 184 HEU children had an adequate volume of repository specimen to assay for vascular biomarkers. Among the HIV-infected children, we defined hyperlipidaemia according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria [total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol > 130 mg/dL, triglycerides > 110 mg/dL (≤ 9 years) or > 150 mg/dL (≥ 10 years), or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < 35 mg/dL] [23]. Among the 357 HIV-infected children (all eligible children), 41% met the dyslipidaemia definition. In our subsample of 226 (those included in this analysis), 39% met the hyperlipidaemia definition. Our subsample was similar by age, sex, race, CD4 category, and body mass index (BMI) z-score when compared with children who did not have repository samples.