trachomatis to various organs of fetuses and newborns, and that this might have been associated with infant mortality. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding. The finding of chlamydial DNA in more than one organ of autopsy may not be the most accepted way for diagnosing systemic infection or establishing PCI-32765 supplier cause of death. However, in the authors’ opinion, the discovery of three different C. trachomatis DNA sequences by end-point and real-time polymerase chain reaction and identification in one case of the C. trachomatis genotype involved provides sufficient evidence for further investigations using additional and improved resources. Immunohistochemistry would strengthen

the evidence presented here, but unfortunately, immunohistochemical stains were not performed in the present samples. The authors declare to have no conflict of interests. “
“Wheezing is a very common symptom in infants,1 which is usually accountable for a high demand of medical consultations and emergency care services, with relatively high rates of hospitalization. Along with acute respiratory infections, it plays an

important role in infant mortality.2 In Latin America, approximately 100,000 children die in the first year of life due to acute respiratory infection, and a significant proportion of them have a history of wheezing.3 In Brazil, data from the Ministry of Health show that around 35% of infant hospitalizations in the first year of life in Brazil Megestrol Acetate are due to respiratory diseases.4 Nevertheless, the real extent of this problem remains unknown, as well as how many of these infants are actually Cell Cycle inhibitor asthmatic patients.5 The factors that establish the start, evolution, and prognosis of wheezing in infants have not yet been well defined. As it occurs in older children, it is likely that individual genetic and immunological patterns, associated

with environmental factors, are responsible for most of wheezing phenotypes in childhood.6 and 7 Most studies indicate a multifactorial etiology in the pathogenesis of wheezing in the first year of life, in addition to the close association with respiratory infections. However, how these different elements relate to each other is still the subject of much controversy.8 and 9 The International Study of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes [EISL]) was developed in order to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in infants in the first year of life.10 The EISL project evaluated the risk factors associated with wheezing in the first year of life in children from Latin America, Spain, and the Netherlands. Data showed a large variation in the prevalence and severity of wheezing at the centers, but with a tendency of higher prevalence and severity in Latin American children. The present study is part of the EISL project – phase 1.