These concentrations of AL8810 were not toxic to the cells Altho

These concentrations of AL8810 were not toxic to the cells. Although AL8810 is a less potent antagonist than L161982 or SC51322 [27, 45, 46], it was the only antagonist that had effect at

10 μM. It was previously shown that at 10 μM, AL8810 did not inhibit functional responses through other prostaglandin receptors, suggesting that it is a selective antagonist at the FP receptor [45]. Further support for a functional role of FP receptors in these cells was obtained in the results SB525334 solubility dmso given in Figure 3D, demonstrating that AL8810 inhibited the inositol phosphate accumulation induced by the FP receptor agonist fluprostenol. Taken together, these results suggest that the PGE2-induced transactivation of EGFR in MH1C1 hepatoma cells is mediated primarily by FP receptors and signalling via Gq and PLCβ. Figure 3 Effect of different prostaglandin receptor inhibitors in MH 1 C 1 cells. A) The EP4 inhibitor L-161982 (10 μM) was added 30 min prior to stimulation with PGE2 (100 μM) for 5 min. B) The EP1 inhibitor SC51322 (5 or 10 μM) was added 30 minutes prior to

stimulation with PGE2 (100 μM) for 5 min. C) The FP inhibitor AL8810 (10 or 100 μM) was added 30 minutes prior to stimulation with PGE2 (100 μM) for 5 min. All blots are representative of three Cyclosporin A molecular weight independent experiments. D) Effect of AL8810 (100 μM) on accumulation of inositol phosphates after stimulation with increasing concentrations of fluprostenol for 30 minutes in the presence of 15 mM LiCl. The data shown are mean ± S.E.M of four independent experiments. Evidence CP-868596 solubility dmso of a role for Ca2+, but not PKC, in the PGE2-induced transactivation of EGFR We next tried to determine which

pathways downstream of PLCβ are mediating the PGE2-induced transactivation of EGFR. InsP3 and DAG stimulate cytosolic Ca2+ release and protein kinase C (PKC) activity, respectively. Pretreatment of the cells with the PKC inhibitor GF109203X did not prevent the effects of PGE2 on the phosphorylation of the EGFR, ERK, or Akt in the MH1C1 cells (Figure 4A). Furthermore, the data in Megestrol Acetate Figure 4B, comparing PGE2 and the direct PKC activator tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA), showed that TPA did not mimic the effect of PGE2 on Akt, and its stimulation of ERK, unlike the effect of PGE2, was blocked by GF109203X. Interestingly, pretreatment of the cells with GF109203X consistently increased basal and PGE2-induced Akt phosphorylation in the cells. This might result from a reduced feedback inhibition by PKC [47]. In contrast to TPA, thapsigargin, which increases the intracellular Ca2+ level by inhibiting the ‘sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase’ (SERCA) pump [48], induced gefitinib-sensitive phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK, and Akt (Figure 4C). Taken together, these data suggest that Ca2+ rather than PKC mediates the PGE2-induced transactivation of the EGFR in these cells.

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