Therefore, nanotexturing antireflective surfaces and associated fabrication technology is booming and in great demand. The major nanotexturing methods can be divided into the following three categories: micro-replication process (MRP) for combining micro/nanostructure masters, metallic mold electroplating, and replication into plastics [14–19]. The first primary method of MRP process can

be nanoimprinting or injection nanomolding such that the mass-produce ability to functional surfaces can be implemented rapidly and is of profound technological interest [20]. The second method is roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing for printing organic light emitting diodes (OLED), thin-film solar cells, optical brightness see more enhancement films, or organic thin film SHP099 purchase transistors (OFET) [18, 21–27].

The third method utilized the templates such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) [28, 29] for anodizing high-purity aluminum to generate a porous alumina membrane as templates such that a closed-packed hexagonal array of columnar cells can be obtained. A summary for the fabrication method for the antireflective coatings is presented in Table 1. Table 1 Fabrication method for the antireflective coatings Method Characteristics Applications (other than antireflective coatings) References Micro-replication process (MRP) Capable of creating nano/micro features on substrates of slicon or plastics. By combining three major steps of micro/nanostructure masters, metallic mold electroplating and replication into plastics. Backlight guide plate, grating, micro-mirror arrays, buy Ro-3306 photonic crystals and other micro/nano features [14–19] Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing

Capable of creating electronic devices on flexible substrates (plastics or metal foil) Typically includes steps of coatings, printing, laminating, re-reeling, and rewinding Flavopiridol (Alvocidib) processes Organic light emitting diodes (OLED), thin film solar cells, optical brightness enhancement films or organic thin film transistors (OFET) [18, 21–27] Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) By anodizing high-purity aluminum to generate a porous alumina membrane as templates such that a closed-packed hexagonal array of columnar cells can be obtained. Typically, can be categorized as a self-ordering synthesis of nanopores Molecular separation, energy generation and storage, electronics, photonics, sensors (biosensors), drug delivery, and template synthesis [28, 29] In this paper, we present a facile and fast fabrication route for high-throughput, low-cost nanotexturing of surfaces with tunable NHA depths. The optical properties of the textured films were systematically characterized as a demonstration to validate the proposed technique for enabling substrates with functional performance of tunable reflectivities.