The thermal neutral zone (TNZ) of T. belangeri was 30-35 degrees C. Mean body temperature was 39.76 +/- 0.27 degrees C and mean body mass was 100.86 MK-8776 cost +/- 9.09g. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was 1.38 +/- 0.03 ml O(2)/g h. Average minimum thermal conductance (C(m)) was 0.13 +/- 0.01 ml O(2)/g h degrees C. Evaporative water loss in T. belangeri increased when the temperature rose; the maximal evaporative water loss was 3.88 +/- 0.41 mg H(2)O/g h at 37.5 degrees C. The results may reflect features of small mammals in the sub-tropical plateau region: T. belangeri had high basal metabolic rate and high total thermal

conductance, compared with the predicted values based on their body mass whilst their body temperatures are relatively high;

T. belonged has high levels of evaporative water loss and poor water-retention capacity. Evaporative water loss plays an important role in temperature regulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Environmental enrichment has been shown to be neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Because PD patients are not typically selleck diagnosed until later neuropathological stages, the current study investigated the capacity of an enriched environment (EE) to stimulate restoration of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and locomotor recovery after lesioning, as opposed to before. A low-dose chronic MPTP regimen was used to achieve a partial, less severe lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway not seen in acute MPTP models. Both young adult (10 weeks) and

aged (12 months) C57BL/6J male mice were used to assess the effects of aging on recovery with EE intervention. After the first week of either Nutlin-3a mw MPTP (7 mg/kg/d in young; 5 mg/kg/d in aged) or saline injection, animals from both groups were housed in a standard environment (SE) or an EE for 3 weeks, with continued daily administration of MPTP. We are the first to report that following 3 weeks exposure to an EE, young and aged MPTP-lesioned mice showed a significant 53% and 52% restoration of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-labeled neurons in the SNpc, respectively. This increase in TH-labeled cells in the MPTP+EE group was correlated with recovery of free-standing rear (FSR) behavior in both age groups; however, improved locomotor control as measured by foot faults (FF) per total activity was only seen in the aged MPTP+EE group. Our data demonstrate that an EE promotes neurorestoration in TH protein expression in SNpc neurons as well as some locomotor recovery in both young and aged animals in this mouse model of PD. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.”
“In this paper, a mathematical model describing the process of heat transfer in biological tissues for different coordinate system during thermal therapy by electromagnetic radiation is studied.