The nationwide Swedish Family Cancer database (2010

version: data on cancers originate from the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry) was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for esophageal cancer CP-456773 purchase among immigrants compared with the native Swedes. SIRs for lung cancer were also calculated as a proxy for smoking prevalence. The patient series covered 5930 male and 1998 female Swedes, and 410 and 198 immigrants. The risk of esophageal cancer was increased in female Finns (SIR = 1.66), Britons (3.73), and Southeast Africans (5.26), whereas male Baltic (0.44), former Yugoslavian (0.47), other Europeans (0.58), and other Asians (0.52) showed a decreased risk. The risk of squamous cell carcinoma was increased among Finns (men = 1.32, women = 1.90) and Iranian women (3.80), whereas Danish men (1.66) had an increased risk of adenocarcinoma. No trend was observed for the risks in immigrants according to the length of stay. We found no covariation between the birth region-specific SIRs for squamous cell carcinoma and lung cancer. Early see more childhood exposures or preservation of original habits might be the main environmental exposures influencing squamous cell carcinoma risks in some immigrants. The increased risk of adenocarcinoma among Danish men may confirm the role

of obesity in adenocarcinoma risk. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 20:71-76 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Introduction The overall beneficial effects of breastfeeding for infants have been well documented, but its role in allergy prevention is controversial. Objective We investigated the relationship between breast milk immunomodulatory factors and subsequent development of eczema and atopic sensitization in the first year of life. Methods Day 7 and 28 breast milk samples were collected from mothers carrying infants at high risk of allergic disease. Aqueous-phase

breast milk samples were assayed for TGF-1, sCD14 and total IgA. Infants were assessed for the presence of eczema and atopic sensitization at 12months of age. The levels of breast GTPL8918 milk TGF-1, sCD14 and total IgA were compared in infants who subsequently developed eczema and sensitization in the first year and those who did not. Results The levels of breast milk sCD14, total IgA, and TGF-1 at either day 7 or 28 were not associated with subsequent development of eczema or atopic sensitization during the first year of life. Conclusion Levels of breast milk immune parameters were not associated with eczema outcomes or sensitization in infants at 12months. This suggests that apparent immunological effects on breast milk immunomodulatory factors may not necessarily lead to clinical benefits, and these immune markers may not be critical determinants of allergic disease in infancy.