The fluorescence values obtained with the no-inhibitor control (0.0 μM peptide) were set at 100%, and those in the presence of peptide were calculated as a percentage of the control using non-linear regression in GraphPad Prism (version 5.01) software. The IC50 was calculated from nonlinear regression fitting of the signal vs. concentration data points to the standard dose–response equation Y = Bottom + (Top - Bottom)/(1 + 10^((X - LogIC50))). In this equation,

X is the log of the compound concentration, Y is the response signal, and the bottom and top refer to the plateaus of the sigmoid response curve. All PU-H71 purchase assays were performed in triplicate and repeated twice. The inhibition percentage was calculated

using the following formula: Ltc 1 peptide cytotoxicity The cytotoxicity of the Ltc 1 peptides was evaluated by determining the maximal non-toxic dose (MNTD) and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the cells using the Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation assay (Promega, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The peptide concentration of 25 μM showed 80% cell viability and was ARN-509 datasheet considered the MNTD value, assuming that approximately 80% of the cells were healthy. Vero cells were seeded at 1×104 cells/well in triplicate Rigosertib manufacturer under optimal conditions (37°C, 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator) in 96-well plates with blank controls (media only) and cell controls (cells only). however After an overnight incubation, the cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Ltc 1 peptide (0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 120 μM) with DMEM medium supplemented with 2% FBS and the cell culture was analysed after 72 h. The percentage of cell viability was calculated as follows: 100 – (absorbance of treated cells/absorbance of untreated cells) × 100. The MNTD and CC50 values were calculated from the dose-response curves. Real Time Cell Proliferation Assay (RTCA assay) This assay was performed to test the real time effects of the Ltc 1 peptide on

cell viability. Cell proliferation was measured using the xCELLigence Real-Time Cellular Analysis (RTCA) system (Roche, Germany) as described previously [26]. Cell viability and growth were monitored continuously after applying increasing concentrations of the Ltc 1 peptide (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 μM). Briefly, the background measurements were recorded after adding 100 μl culture medium to the wells. Next, the cells were seeded at a density of 1 × 104 cell/well in a 16-well plate with electrodes for 18 h to allow the cells to grow to log phase. The cells were treated with different concentrations of peptide dissolved in cell culture medium and continuously monitored for up to 100 h. The cell sensor impedance was expressed as an arbitrary unit named the cell index. The cell index was recorded every 5 minutes using a RTCA analyser.