The boost up in the activity of antioxidant enzymes activities in the micropropagated plantlets are in agreement with the outcome achieved during acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets of Rauvolfia

tetraphylla, Tylophora indica, and with T. undulata [20], [31] and [32]. The present paper, being the first report, the most significant outcome of the current study is the demonstration of high level aptitude of hypocotyl explants of Cardiospermum to regenerate adventitious shoots and successful mass micropropagation using low TDZ concentrations. Adding up together, the increased levels of antioxidant enzymes also authenticate the enhanced ability of regenerated plants to tolerate

Bcl2 inhibitor the oxidative stress. In conclusion, a reliable and commercial protocol has been developed that proved efficient mass multiplication and conservation of C. halicacabum L. Authors gratefully acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, and the University Grant Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi for providing research support under DSTFIST (2005) and UGC-SAP DRS-I (2009) Programs, respectively. “
“The willow tree, like any other medicinal TSA HDAC purchase plant species, can be considered as a bioreactor for the biosynthesis of many phytochemicals, including β-d-salicin 1. These phytochemicals are recognised as secondary metabolites, which contribute to the biology of plants, as they are essential for growth, reproduction and have important roles in the ecological survival of plants against biotic and abiotic stress [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] and [7]. Ergoloid The accumulation of knowledge on phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacognosy and the rapid development of analytical techniques in chemistry all have profoundly

contributed to the discovery of β-d-salicin 1 and its metabolite, salicylic acid 2. The elucidation of the chemical structures of these two phytochemicals, 1 and 2, leads the discovery of the most common anti-inflammatory drug, acetylsalicylic acid 3 or aspirin [8]. In this respect, researches have recognised the essential steps for exploiting plants in drug discovery and development. These steps include the identification of natural products, characterisation of the chemical structures of the bioactive molecules, investigating their pharmacological potentials and identifying the target active sites. The ethnomedical usage of plants and the retrospective pharmacological activities have also contributed to the identification of biologically active phytochemicals [9] and [10]. Per se, β-d-salicin 1 and salicylic acid 2 from willow have been identified to exert vital pharmacological roles in modulating the inflammatory process and inhibition of the activation of NF-κB, and subsequent down regulating COX-2 expression [11] and [12].