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“Quality by design (QbD) has been receiving a lot of attention in the pharmaceutical community of late. Successful QbD implementation requires a thorough Elafibranor order understanding of the relationship between the critical quality attributes (CQAs) and the clinical properties of the product, the relationship between the process and CQAs and the variability in raw materials. This article presents a roadmap for successful QbD implementation for therapeutic biotechnology products. The approach presented here

is aligned with existing regulatory guidance documents. Key developments are reviewed and case studies are used to illustrate these concepts. It is concluded that although several QbD concepts are being practiced PRT062607 manufacturer by the biotechnology industry, successful dialogue and partnership between the industry and its regulators will be the key to successful QbD implementation.”
“Over-activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is critically involved in many neurological conditions, thus there has been considerable interest in developing NMDA receptor antagonists. We have recently identified a series of naphthoic and phenanthroic acid compounds that allosterically modulate NMDA receptors through a novel mechanism of action. In the present study, we have determined the structure-activity

relationships of 18 naphthoic acid derivatives for the ability to inhibit the four GluN1/GluN2(A-D) NMDA receptor subtypes. 2-Naphthoic acid has low activity at GluN2A-containing receptors and yet lower activity at other NMDA receptors. 3-Amino addition, and especially 3-hydroxy addition, to 2-naphthoic acid increased inhibitory activity at GluN1/GluN2C and GluN1/GluN2D receptors. Further halogen and phenyl substitutions to 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid leads to several relatively potent inhibitors, the most potent of which is UBP618 (1-bromo-2-hydroxy-6-phenylnaphthalene-3-carboxylic

learn more acid) with an IC50 similar to 2 mu M at each of the NMDA receptor subtypes. While UBP618 is non-selective, elimination of the hydroxyl group in UBP618, as in UBP628 and UBP608, leads to an increase in GluN1/GluN2A selectivity. Of the compounds evaluated, specifically those with a 6-phenyl substitution were less able to fully inhibit GluN1/GluN2A, GluN1/GluN2B and GluN1/GluN2C responses (maximal % inhibition of 60-90%). Such antagonists may potentially have reduced adverse effects by not excessively blocking NMDA receptor signaling. Together, these studies reveal discrete structure-activity relationships for the allosteric antagonism of NMDA receptors that may facilitate the development of NMDA receptor modulator agents for a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.