PNY and PNF interact with a subset of KNOTTED1-LIKE homeobox proteins including SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). Genetic analyses show that these BLH proteins function with STM to specify flowers and internodes during inflorescence development.
In this study, experimental evidence demonstrates that the specification of flower and coflorescence meristems requires the combined activities of FT-FD and STM. FT and FD also regulate meristem maintenance during inflorescence development. In plants with reduced STM function, ectopic FT and FD promote the formation of axillary meristems during inflorescence development. Lastly, gene expression studies indicate that STM functions with FT-FD and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24)-SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONTANS1 (SOC1) complexes to up-regulate buy GSK621 flower meristem
identity genes during inflorescence development.”
“In coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors are the main targets for primary and secondary prevention. Statins prevent cardiovascular events in patients at risk. However, despite the proven efficacy and safety of statins, relevant side effects exist and should be considered when treating patients.”
“The growth kinetics of thin (thickness <10 nm) oxide films on Zr(0001) and Zr(10<(1)over bar>0) single-crystal surfaces were investigated by real-time in situ spectroscopic JAK inhibitor ellipsometry (RISE) and angle-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (AR-XPS). To this end, clean crystalline Zr(0001) and Zr(10 (1) over bar0) surfaces were prepared under UHV conditions by a cyclic treatment of alternating ion-sputtering and in vacuo annealing steps. The thus-obtained bare Zr surfaces were then exposed to dry O(2)(g)
in the temperature GSI-IX Proteases inhibitor range of 300 450 K (at a partial oxygen pressure of 10(-4) Pa), while monitoring the growth kinetics by RISE. It was found that the less-densely packed Zr(10 (1) over bar0) surface oxidizes more readily than the densely packed Zr(0001) surface. A near-limiting thickness of the oxide film on both surfaces is attained only at oxidation temperatures T<375 K. At T >= 375 K, the oxidation rate becomes controlled by the thermally activated dissolution and diffusion of oxygen in the alpha-Zr substrate. The higher oxidation rate of the Zr(10<(1)over bar>0) surface for T >= 375 K is attributed mainly to the higher oxygen diffusivity in a-Zr along the Zr(10 (1) over bar0) direction than along the Zr(0001) direction. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3608044]“
“PRINCIPLES: Current evidence indicates that chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be detected by simple laboratory tests. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening and subsequent treatment in different populations.
METHODS: Cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening in a cohort of simulated subjects aged >= 50 years was assessed using a validated microsimulation model.