Pettersson score was higher in mono-infected than in the other two groups (P < 0.001) (Fig. 1) and was also found to be higher in all pts treated with secondary prophylaxis than in pts treated on demand, without any difference in the three groups. The F BMD and L BMD were reduced in all three groups (Table 2). There were no statistically significant differences

between the three groups Dorsomorphin molecular weight on the measured BMD at the F DXA. The measured BMD values at the L DXA were significantly lower in the co-infected group (all values <−1) than in the other two groups (normal values) (P < 0.05). The b-ALP level was higher in co-infected (P < 0.001) and mono-infected (P < 0.001) than in uninfected pts (Fig. 2). The NTx levels were also higher in co-infected (P < 0.01) and mono-infected (P < 0.02) than in uninfected pts (Fig. 3). To investigate if statistically significant correlations exist between different groups and all the collected data, we performed a multivariate regression analysis. Because the sample size was insufficient to investigate differences in results between the three groups, Ruxolitinib cost we redefine the group classes by means of the

following binary schemes: Infected/Uninfected HIV positive/HIV negative The results of multivariate binomial regression analysis for the aforementioned groups as dependent variables and clinical, radiological and laboratory data as independent variables are reported in Table 4. Analysis (a) shows that the presence

of viral infection is significantly correlated to an increased b-ALP (P < 0.002) whereas analysis (b) shows an increase of NTx in HIV positive pts Fossariinae (P < 0.05). The WFH and radiological scores result is significantly correlated to the HIV infection (P < 0.05 and P < 0.006 respectively). We also evaluated which measured data represent risk factors for osteoporosis. To this end we performed multivariate binomial regression analysis for osteoporotic/non-osteoporotic pts as dependent variable and clinical and laboratory data as independent variables (analysis c): WFH score (P < 0.001) results as significant predictor of low BMD; our analysis suggests a possible role for 25-OH Vit D level (P < 0.08). Osteoporosis has been recently recognized as an important co-morbidity in haemophilia. The pathogenesis of reduced BMD in adult pts with haemophilia is most likely multi-factorial and the presence of HIV and/or HCV infections may play an important role. High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has been reported in haemophilia [12]; similar data have already been reported in HIV populations [19, 20, 21, 22 and 23]. In our cohort a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was confirmed, independently from the presence of infections (Table 3). The low vitamin D level was not related to an impaired renal function (with a consequent decrease of alpha-1-hydroxylase), as shown by the creatinine and creatinine clearance normal values.