(Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;111:568-577)”
“We have demonstrated the efficient procedure for the preparation of chitosan azo-based amino methanesulfonate complex in isopropyl alcohol under mild condition. The ionic complexation between chitosan and 4-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]phenylamino methanesulfonate is confirmed by ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The circular dichroism spectra of chitosan complex showed positive at ? = 298 nm band with 3.88 mdeg having

UV absorbance maximum up to a narrow band at ?= 290 nm in dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating that the polymer adopted helical (right handed) secondary structure. Physical properties, thermal stability, and surface morphology were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Prexasertib cost Optical properties of chitosan complex are evaluated by photoluminescence spectroscopy that showed blue shift (?em) peak at 400

nm at excitation wavelength 325 nm. Overall, it may open new perspectives for the use of chitosan azo-based biohybrid in biomedical applications. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011″
“The neotropical Atlantic Forest supports one of the highest degrees of species richness and rates of endemism on the planet, but has also MI-503 clinical trial undergone a huge forest loss. However, there exists no broad-scale information about the spatial distribution of its remnants that could guide

conservation actions, especially when systematic biodiversity data are not available. In this context, Our objectives were to quantify how much of the forest still remains, and analyze its spatial distribution. We considered the entire Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and eight sub-regions, defined according to species distribution. The results revealed a serious situation: more than 80% of the fragments are <50 ha. almost half the remaining forest is <100 m from its edges, the average distance between fragments is large (1440 m), and nature reserves protect only 9% of the remaining forest and 1% of the original forest. On the other hand, our estimates of existing Atlantic Forest cover were Galunisertib chemical structure higher than previous ones (7-8%), ranging from 11.4% to 16%. The differences among estimates are mainly related to our inclusion of intermediate secondary forests and small fragments (<100 ha), which correspond to approximately 32-40% of what remains. We suggest some guidelines for conservation: (i) large mature forest fragments should be a conservation priority: (ii) smaller fragments can be managed in order to maintain functionally linked mosaics; (iii) the matrix surrounding fragments should be managed so as to minimize edge effects and improve connectivity; and (iv) restoration actions should be taken, particularly in certain key areas.