Of the ~2,200 strains, Salmonella enterica and enteridis cause 75% of total disease incidence

[1]. Disease occurrence has resulted in economic burdens of $0.5 to $2.3 billion due to healthcare costs and productivity loss [2]. Emergence of drug resistant https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ro-61-8048.html Salmonella strains is a strong rationale for the development of easily implemented dietary strategies to reduce susceptibility to infection [3, 4]. Evidence suggests that presence of some indigestible saccharides and polyphenols in the diet can affect survival and maintenance of gut microflora as well as help prevention of colonization by enteric pathogens [5–7]. For example, non-digestible carbohydrates can be fermented by native gut Lactobacillus spp. which results in the production of organic acids, such as bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxides. These byproducts are associated with reduced growth Mdivi1 in vitro of Salmonella[8, 9]. Therefore, dietary supplementation represents a novel approach to aid in the induction of protective responses against enteric infections. Little is known regarding the potential impact of whole foods on the colonization of Salmonella in the small intestine because traditional biomedical research methods focus on the effect of single nutrients or isolated dietary small molecules [10]. Rice is an important staple food worldwide and the bran portion is typically

removed, making rice bran widely available for human and animal consumption. Rice bran contains prebiotic components [11], and is a rich source of bioactive polyphenols, Protein kinase N1 fatty acids and peptides [12–16]. Dietary rice bran intake has been shown to increase

the fecal IgA and native gut Lactobacillus spp. in mice [17]. Also, rice bran has been found to Selleckchem Temsirolimus control gastrointestinal cancers, hyperlipidemia and diabetes in rats [18–21] as well as hypercholesterolemia in humans [22]. The primary goal of this study was to examine the effect of dietary rice bran intake on susceptibility of mice to oral challenge with Salmonella. The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028s was chosen for these studies because it is a translational model of non-lethal, infection in female 129 S6/SvEvTac mice [23]. The protective effect of rice bran against Salmonella infection in mice was measured by decreased fecal shedding following oral challenge. These novel findings of rice bran bioactivity have practical implications for developing accessible, affordable and effective dietary public health intervention strategies to reduce Salmonella infections worldwide. Results Effect of dietary rice bran intake on Salmonella fecal shedding Daily dietary rice bran supplementation was examined in a mouse model of Salmonella infection. Control and rice bran diets were fed to mice for one week prior to oral challenge with S. Typhimurium and during infection. Mice consuming the rice bran diet showed a time dependent decrease in the fecal shedding of Salmonella as compared to control diet animals (Figure 1).