O140 Cancer-Related Inflammation: The Seventh Hallmark of Cancer Alberto Mantovani 1 1 Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Milan, Italy Inflammatory conditions in selected organs increase the risk of cancer. An inflammatory component is present also in the microenvironment of tumours that are not epidemiologically related to inflammation. Recent Staurosporine studies have begun to unravel molecular pathways linking inflammation and cancer. Schematically, an intrinsic (driven by genetic events that cause neoplasia) and an extrinsic SIS3 (driven by inflammatory

conditions which predispose to cancer) pathway link inflammation and cancer. Smouldering inflammation in the tumour microenvironment contributes learn more to proliferation and survival of malignant cells, angiogenesis, metastasis, subversion of adaptive immunity, response to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. As such,

cancer-related inflammation (CRI) represents a target for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. We surmise that CRI represents the seventh hallmark of cancer. O141 How Anticancer Therapies Switch on the Immune System? Laurence Zitvogel 1 1 CICBT507, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France Conventional therapies of cancer rely upon radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Such treatments supposedly mediate their effects via the direct elimination of tumor cells.

However, anticancer such therapies Chlormezanone can also modulate the host immune system in several ways. Drugs can inhibit immunosuppressive pathways, or activate distinct immune effectors, or sensitize tumor target cells to CTL attack or generate an immunogenic cell death modality, all culminating in eliciting or enhancing anticancer immune responses contributing to the tumoricidal activity of the drug. Indeed, we reported that anthracycline-mediated cell death is immunogenic in tumor bearing hosts through a molecular pathway involving membrane exposure of calreticuline (CRT) by tumor cells1,2,3. CRT is mandatory for the uptake by dendritic cells of dying tumor cells. More generally, anthracyclines, X-Rays and platinum based-therapies mediate a tumoricidal activity relying on CD8+ T cells, CD11c + DC, IFNg/IFNgR signalling pathway but not IL-12. We addressed which biochemical or metabolic components expressed or released by dying tumor cells could trigger the immune system and participate to the immunogenicity of cell death. While HMGB1/TLR4 are mandatory for the processing of dying bodies by DC and the activity of chemotherapy, other components recently unravelled will be presented at the meeting. These results delineate a clinically relevant immunoadjuvant pathway triggered by tumor cells. 1. Obeid M, et al.