Normotensive and hypertensive subjects had statistically comparable ETB excretion normalized to creatinine (0.58 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.17 mu g/mg creatinine, respectively; p = 0.304). In contrast, ETA excretion was Sotrastaurin chemical structure higher among hypertensive subjects (0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.02 mu g/mg creatinine; p = 0.0451). Immunostaining of ETA and ETB in the human urinary system revealed expression of both receptors, principally in tubular cells ( mainly in medullary collecting ducts) and in the bladder urothelium, and ETA expression in the peritubular capillaries and arterioles. Urinary ET receptors closely and inversely correlated

with indices of urine concentration, suggesting that their shedding is principally affected by urine flow. Conclusion: ET receptors are present in human urine, conceivably originating within the urinary system. Their excretion is principally affected by urinary concentration. It remains to be determined whether urinary ETA/ETB is of physiological/pathophysiological relevance. Copyright (c) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Background/Aims:

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of a salt load combined with exogenous low nonhypertensive angiotensin II (Ang II) doses on Ang II Selleck ICG-001 intrarenal regulation. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with Ang II nonhypertensive doses (0.1 mu g . kg(-1) . h(-1) and 5 mu g . kg(-1) . h(-1)) and saline overload (Na 0.5 M, Na 1.0 M and Na 1.5 M) for 2 h (0.04 ml . min(-1)).

Sodium tubular reabsorption, sodium urinary excretion and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. Ang II was evaluated in the kidneys by immunohistochemistry. Results: Ang II levels in glomeruli and vessels were exacerbated when sodium load and Ang II were given simultaneously, independently of MAP elevation. In tubules, Ang II staining in the presence of sodium overload was greater in the Ang 0.1 groups than in the Ang 5 groups. Compared with the controls, sodium tubular reabsorption rose in the Ang 0.1-Na 0.5 and Ang 0.1-Na 1 groups and sodium urinary excretion decreased in the Ang 5-Na buy eFT-508 0.5 and Ang 5-Na 1 groups. MAP increased in the Ang 5-Na 1 and Ang 5-Na 1.5 groups. Conclusion: We conclude that local renal Ang II levels were upregulated when acute sodium overload and nonhypertensive Ang II doses were administered simultaneously in normal rats, independently from blood pressure and glomerular function changes. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) appears to be involved in blood pressure regulation. We showed that ovariectomy (oVx) stimulates urinary kallikrein activity (UKa). So, we test whether gonadectomy (Gx) would affect blood pressure through an increase in KKS activity and which mechanism(s) were involved. We studied adult Wistar rats of either sex, with and without Gx.