In some resource-rich countries, the effects of an increasing age of the population may increase demand. In resource-limited countries, imbalances in access to (safe) blood components may change as improved access to health care occurs. The need for blood and blood products is growing every year and large numbers of patients who require life-saving support with blood and blood

products still do not have access to them. It is therefore essential that all countries have the national capacity to collect blood, plasma and cellular components of optimal quality and safety from voluntary, non-remunerated donors in order to meet the national needs for blood components for transfusion and PDMPs. For the supply of PDMPs in particular, in the long term it will not be feasible for a small number of countries to collect sufficient plasma to produce enough PDMPs to meet global needs [7]. In most GSK2118436 nmr countries the estimates of the need for red cells are used to set the

target for the collection of blood donations. If there are minor shortfalls, measures are taken to minimize use until demands are met, usually by increased collections. However for plasma, the recovered plasma (the by-product of whole blood collections) is usually sufficient to meet the demand for clinical use of plasma, but insufficient to meet the demand for PDMPs. Depending DAPT in vivo on the country, the response to such a short fall can be to increase the number of plasma collections by plasmapheresis (and in some countries to pay the donors), or to buy plasma to supplement the domestic supply for

fractionation, or to buy PDMPs. To achieve self-sufficiency in plasma derivatives requires a plasma-driven collection based on plasmapheresis, which is expensive and results in products that are uncompetitive with commercial product pricing. Data Pembrolizumab from the US, Germany and Japan all showed an ageing trend in the blood donor pool. There could be more difficulties in recruiting and retaining adequate number of blood donors, affecting the supply of blood and blood products. There is concern that as the population ages, the number of donors will decrease. Ageing populations and increasingly stringent donor selection criteria have reduced the pool of eligible donors. Blood, plasma and cellular blood components, and other therapeutic substances derived from the human body should not be considered as mere ‘commodities’. Donated blood that is provided voluntarily by healthy and socially committed people is a precious national resource. Governments should be accountable for ensuring a sufficient supply of products from these special resources which are and will remain limited by nature. The availability and safety of the supply, the safety of both donors and recipients and the appropriate use of blood, plasma and cellular blood donations are and must remain a public affair.