In many cases, bio-logging is an attractive method for collection of biological and physical data [2]. Bio-logging is now playing an important role in the conservation of many highly mobile marine species and the habitats they rely on. This includes, amongst other things, providing data on the interactions of marine species with fisheries [11] and [12], identification of foraging regions and relationships with static and dynamic ocean features at various scales [13], [14] and [15], and providing data critical for calculating more precise abundance estimates [16] and [17].

The utility of bio-logging for marine resource management is now widely accepted by marine ecologists and oceanographers [2]. UNCLOS obligates states to conserve wide-ranging and Ruxolitinib price valuable species.3 The use of bio-logging has particular salience for the management and conservation of threatened migratory species [18]. The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), for example, has classified species that are in peril of extinction,4 and identifies those subject to special protective measures.5 The ability to effectively manage such species; however, is hampered by the requirement to undergo lengthy, expensive and sometimes unsuccessful administrative and logistical

processes to obtain permission to conduct MSR in coastal state EEZs. Long-range migratory species may not only enter several countries EEZs individually and as a species, but do so in an unpredictable manner. The new modality of bio-logging improves our understanding GSKJ4 of the life histories of migratory species and contributes

to international management and conservation of them. A rapid survey of geospatial data in the OBIS SEAMAP6 archive demonstrates the large number of EEZs that are crossed, entered, and transited by specific marine highly migratory species (Table 1). For example leatherback turtles, one of the most widely ranging marine turtle species, have been recorded in 67 coastal state EEZs. Humpback whales, a mammalian species that makes extensive yearly migrations from feeding to breeding grounds have been recorded in 57 coastal state EEZs. Atlantic Bluefin tuna are found Benzatropine in at least 17 different EEZs. Perhaps most importantly, the movements of these widely ranging marine species are defined by the unpredictable nature of individual behaviors and dynamic migration routes. These complexities are illustrated below using examples of telemetry data from across the major taxa studied through bio-logging techniques in marine systems. The distribution and migration routes of many marine species are dynamic and unpredictable, varying among individuals and species and from season to season. For example, data from two loggerhead sea turtles tagged at the same location at Reunion Island (Fig.