In cortical neuronal cultures, NCX2 and NCX3 over-expression was achieved using adenoviral vectors, and following OGD increased neuronal survival from approximate to 20% for control vector treated cultures to approximate to
80% for both NCX isoforms. In addition, we demonstrated that NCX2 and NCX3 over-expression in cortical neuronal cultures enables neurons to maintain intracellular calcium at significantly lower levels than control vector treated AZD1480 clinical trial cultures when exposed to high (9 mM) extracellular calcium challenge. Further assessment of NCX activity during OGD was performed using HEK293 cell lines generated to over-express NCX1, NCX2 or NCX3 isoforms. While it was shown that NO( isoform expression differed considerably in the different HEK293 cell lines, high levels of NCX over-expression was associated with increased resistance to OGD. Taken together, our findings show that high levels of NCX over-expression increases neuronal and HEK293 cell survival following OGD, improves calcium management
in neuronal cultures and provides additional support for NCX as a therapeutic target to reduce ischemic brain injury. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the japan Neuroscience selleck compound Society. All rights reserved.”
“GABA(A) alpha 5 subunit-containing receptors are primarily expressed in the hippocampus and their role in learning and memory has been demonstrated recently by both genetic and pharmacological approaches.
The objective of the study is to evaluate the cognitive effects of a novel GABA(A) alpha 5 receptor inverse agonist, RO4938581 in rats and monkeys.
The in vitro profile was determined using radioligand binding
and electrophysiological assays for the GABA(A) alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5 receptors. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was performed in mouse hippocampal slices. Cognitive effects were assessed in rats in the delayed match to position (DMTP) task and the Morris water maze. In monkeys, the object retrieval task was used. Pro-convulsant and anxiogenic potentials were evaluated in mice and rats. In vivo receptor occupancy was determined using [(3)H]-RO0154513.
RO4938581 is a potent inverse agonist at the GABA(A) alpha 5 receptor, with both binding and functional selleck selectivity, enhancing hippocampal LTP. RO4938581 reversed scopolamine-induced working memory impairment in the DMTP task (0.3-1 mg/kg p.o.) and diazepam-induced spatial learning impairment (1-10 mg/kg p.o.). RO4938581 improved executive function in monkeys (3-10 mg/kg p.o.). Importantly, RO4938581 showed no anxiogenic and pro-convulsive potential. RO4938581 dose-dependently bound to GABA(A) alpha 5 receptors and approximately 30% receptor occupancy was sufficient to produce enhanced cognition in the rat.
The data further support the potential of GABA(A) alpha 5 receptors as a target for cognition-enhancing drugs.