If adopted, scientists and the public will have to confront the long, complex processes of human–environmental interactions that have shaped the modern world. Of these five options, we prefer the first

or the second. These recognize the deep history of widespread human impacts and send a powerful message to the scientific community and public about the role humans have played in creating our modern environmental crises. They also are broad-based with clear stratigraphic and chronological resolution in global environmental records, and established connections to human-induced changes that seem appropriate for an Anthropocene epoch. Ultimately, however the Anthropocene is defined, it is important to recognize the deep historical processes www.selleckchem.com/products/nlg919.html that underlie it. Likewise, an important practical goal should be to use the Anthropocene to educate the public and policy makers about the effects humans have had on natural systems for millennia, the compounding nature of these impacts, and the pressing need to reverse the dangerous trends and trajectories we have created. We thank

all the contributors to this volume, the many anonymous reviewers who helped strengthen the papers in it, and the editorial staff of Anthropocene – Rashika Venkataraman, Timothy Horscroft, and especially editor Anne Chin – for their help in shepherding the papers and volume through the submission, review, revision, and production process. We dedicate the volume to Paul Crutzen, who has done more than anyone to bring the Anthropocene and human domination of Earth’s

systems Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor to the attention of both scholars and the general public. “
“Impacts of non-indigenous species can be ecologically devastating and are a major threat to global biodiversity (IUCN, 2013). Oceanic islands are particularly vulnerable as they often have a large proportion of endemic species with limited resilience to non-indigenous ones, and a lack of native predators to keep invasive non-indigenous species under control (Lebouvier et al., 2011). Human visitation and colonisation of remote oceanic islands and subsequent deliberate pentoxifylline or unintended introductions of invasive non-indigenous species have, in many cases, drastically modified their natural ecosystems (Connor et al., 2012). For example, the introduction of rabbits has led to catastrophic ecosystem changes through overgrazing, increased soil erosion and vegetation changes on many islands around the world (Bonnaud and Courchamp, 2011, Cronk, 1997, Hodgson, 2009 and Towns, 2011), including continental islands such as Australia, where rabbits have had devastating environmental and economic impacts (CSIRO, 2013). As a result, conservation and management efforts are increasingly focused on the control and/or eradication of invasive non-indigenous species (Bell, 2002, McClelland, 2011, Merton et al., 2002 and PWS, 2007).