Discussion Although current approaches

to OCD suggest that neurobiological Selleck AZD2281 abnormalities mediate the expression of the cognitive impairments associated with the disorder, limited investigations have aimed at characterizing the neural substrates of these functional deficits. Moreover, few studies to date (e.g., Garibotto et al. 2010) explored the potential correlation between microstructural damage and altered cognition in OCD, mainly limiting their investigation to measures of WM integrity. Here, we analyze the neuropsychological profile of pure OCD patients Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and demonstrate that reduced semantic fluency is a neurocognitive marker of the illness. From a neuroanatomical perspective, microstructural abnormalities in lateral frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices and altered integrity in intra and interhemispheric associative tracts differentiated OCD patients

from HCs. On the other hand, the semantic fluency impairment correlated with microstructural tissue damage in areas distinct from those identified as pathogenic in our Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical OCD sample, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical suggesting that cognitive disturbance in OCD emerges from microstructural alterations in regions not directly involved in the disorder pathophysiology. However, it is also possible that studies using different neuroimaging techniques, measuring cerebral perfusion, metabolism, or neurochemistry may characterize complementary aspects of OCD pathways and neurobiological mechanisms, thus integrating results from structural MRI investigations and eventually capturing the relationship between abnormal brain activity and cognitive impairment in OCD patients (e.g., Nakao et al. 2009). Neural correlates of neuropsychological variables differentiating OCD patients from HC subjects Published studies of neurocognitive Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical functioning in OCD have yet to reveal a reliable cognitive signature of the disorder. While deficits in motor response inhibition, attentional set-shifting and impairments in planning aspects of executive functioning Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical have been largely acknowledged (Nielen and den Boer 2003; van den Heuvel et al. 2005; Chamberlain first et al. 2007), neuropsychological studies have

also produced inconsistent findings, possibly as a consequence of heterogeneity of OCD regarding comorbidity (Nakao et al. 2009). In addition, previous investigations suggested no deficits in verbal fluency in OCD patients (Head et al. 1989; Martin et al. 1993; Bannon et al. 2006), while others report otherwise (Christensen et al. 1992; Schmidtke et al. 1998; Jurado et al. 2001; Lacerda et al. 2003; Roh et al. 2005; see Kuelz et al. 2004 for a review). In line with the current literature posing specific cognitive deficits in OCD (Cavedini et al. 2010), we found selective impairments in verbal declarative memory and in executive functioning measures of cognitive flexibility (TMT part B, Kortte et al. 2002) and strategic response organization (SFT, Salthouse et al. 2003).