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“Background and Objective:\n\nPrevious studies have reported an increased prevalence/severity of chronic periodontitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the pathogenesis of periodontal lesions in such patients has not been characterized. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize the pattern of expression of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis and Crohn’s disease, ulcerative

colitis and systemically healthy controls.\n\nMaterial and Methods:\n\nFifteen patients with Crohn’s disease, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis and 15 controls participated in the study. All subjects had been diagnosed with untreated chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters evaluated were clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing Ruboxistaurin and percentage of plaque. The gingival crevicular fluid was sampled from four shallow and four deep periodontal sites of each patient. The concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured using a commercially

available Lincoplex kit and the concentration of IL-18 was measured using an ELISA.\n\nResults:\n\nMultiple comparisons analysis showed that clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, percentage of plaque and volume of gingival crevicular fluid were similar across the groups. The concentration of IL-4 in the gingival crevicular fluid differed significantly between groups in shallow sites (p = 0.046), with higher values found for the 5-Fluoracil order controls. In serum, the concentration of IL-18 was also significantly different between groups, with lower values found for controls (p = 0.018).\n\nConclusion:\n\nThis study showed a higher concentration of www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-38.html IL-18 in serum, but not in the gingival crevicular fluid, from periodontitis patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis compared with controls. The expression of cytokines

was similar in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis who also had Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis and in systemically healthy controls with untreated chronic periodontitis.”
“Fraser syndrome (FS) is a phenotypically variable, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cryptophthalmus, cutaneous syndactyly, and other malformations resulting from mutations in FRAS1, FREM2, and GRIP1. Transient embryonic epidermal blistering causes the characteristic defects of the disorder. Fras1, Frem1, and Frem2 form the extracellular Fraser complex, which is believed to stabilize the basement membrane. However, several cases of FS could not be attributed to mutations in FRAS1, FREM2, or GRIP1, and FS displays high clinical variability, suggesting that there is an additional genetic, possibly modifying contribution to this disorder.