In cortical neuronal cultures, NCX2 and NCX3 over-expression was achieved using adenoviral vectors, and following OGD increased neuronal survival from approximate to 20% for control vector treated cultures to approximate to

80% for both NCX isoforms. In addition, we demonstrated that NCX2 and NCX3 over-expression in cortical neuronal cultures enables neurons to maintain intracellular calcium at significantly lower levels than control vector treated AZD1480 clinical trial cultures when exposed to high (9 mM) extracellular calcium challenge. Further assessment of NCX activity during OGD was performed using HEK293 cell lines generated to over-express NCX1, NCX2 or NCX3 isoforms. While it was shown that NO( isoform expression differed considerably in the different HEK293 cell lines, high levels of NCX over-expression was associated with increased resistance to OGD. Taken together, our findings show that high levels of NCX over-expression increases neuronal and HEK293 cell survival following OGD, improves calcium management

in neuronal cultures and provides additional support for NCX as a therapeutic target to reduce ischemic brain injury. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the japan Neuroscience selleck compound Society. All rights reserved.”
“GABA(A) alpha 5 subunit-containing receptors are primarily expressed in the hippocampus and their role in learning and memory has been demonstrated recently by both genetic and pharmacological approaches.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the cognitive effects of a novel GABA(A) alpha 5 receptor inverse agonist, RO4938581 in rats and monkeys.

The in vitro profile was determined using radioligand binding

and electrophysiological assays for the GABA(A) alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5 receptors. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was performed in mouse hippocampal slices. Cognitive effects were assessed in rats in the delayed match to position (DMTP) task and the Morris water maze. In monkeys, the object retrieval task was used. Pro-convulsant and anxiogenic potentials were evaluated in mice and rats. In vivo receptor occupancy was determined using [(3)H]-RO0154513.

RO4938581 is a potent inverse agonist at the GABA(A) alpha 5 receptor, with both binding and functional selleck selectivity, enhancing hippocampal LTP. RO4938581 reversed scopolamine-induced working memory impairment in the DMTP task (0.3-1 mg/kg p.o.) and diazepam-induced spatial learning impairment (1-10 mg/kg p.o.). RO4938581 improved executive function in monkeys (3-10 mg/kg p.o.). Importantly, RO4938581 showed no anxiogenic and pro-convulsive potential. RO4938581 dose-dependently bound to GABA(A) alpha 5 receptors and approximately 30% receptor occupancy was sufficient to produce enhanced cognition in the rat.

The data further support the potential of GABA(A) alpha 5 receptors as a target for cognition-enhancing drugs.

In addition, a recently identified vOTU from turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus was evaluated to elucidate

any possible similarities between vOTUs originating from different viral families. Although possessing a similar preference for certain polymeric Ub moieties, its activity toward Ub in general was significantly less then those of nairoviruses. Lastly, the X-ray crystallographic structure of the vOTU from the Dugbe nairovirus was obtained in complex with Ub to reveal structural commonalities of vOTUs originating from nairoviruses. The structure suggests that divergences between nairovirus vOTUs specificity originate at the primary structural level. Comparison of this structure to that originating from CCHFV identified key residues that infer the substrate specificity of vOTUs.”
“Bacterial proteins categorized as family S63845 Acalabrutinib mouse 33 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM33) were recently shown to cleave crystalline chitin, using a mechanism

that involves hydrolysis and oxidation. We show here that some members of the CBM33 family cleave crystalline cellulose as demonstrated by chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of soluble products released from Avicel or filter paper on incubation with CelS2, a CBM33-containing protein from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). These enzymes act synergistically with cellulases and may thus become important tools for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Fungal proteins classified as glycoside hydrolase family 61 that are known to act synergistically with cellulases are likely to use a similar mechanism.”
“Far-upstream element-binding protein 2 (FBP2) is an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) trans-acting factor (ITAF) that negatively regulates enterovirus 71 (EV71) translation. This study shows that EV71 infection cleaved FBP2. Live EV71 and the EV71 replicon (but not UV-inactivated virus particles) induced FBP2 cleavage, suggesting

that viral replication results in FBP2 cleavage. The results also showed that virus-induced proteasome, autophagy, and caspase activity selleck chemicals co-contribute to EV71-induced FBP2 cleavage. Using FLAG-fused FBP2, we mapped the potential cleavage fragments of FBP2 in infected cells. We also found that FBP2 altered its function when its carboxyl terminus was cleaved. This study presents a mechanism for virus-induced cellular events to cleave a negative regulator for viral IRES-driven translation.”
“A novel nucleoside analogue, 1-[(2S,4S-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]5-vinylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, or HDVD, was evaluated against a wide variety of herpesviruses and was found to be a highly selective inhibitor of replication of the gammaherpesviruses Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). HDVD had also a pronounced inhibitory activity against murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1).

All hard coal miners provided pneumoconiosis-related changes in the chest x-ray. The observed frequency of GSTM1 negative hard coal miners was not different

from frequencies reported for general Caucasian populations and in agreement with findings reported for Chinese coal miners. In contrast, in a former study, 16 of 19 German hard coal miners (84%) with urinary bladder cancer displayed a GSTM1 negative genotype. The outcome of this study provides evidence that severely occupationally exposed BI-D1870 cell line Caucasian hard coal miners do not present an elevated level of GSTM1 negative individuals.”
“BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Cavernous malformations of the brainstem are a dilemma in terms of deciding when to operate, and they remain difficult to access surgically. We present a novel approach for the resection of a brainstem cavernous malformation

CLINICAL

PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of intermittent dysarthria, right facial weakness, and left arm and leg weakness. A magnetic resonance image revealed a 2-cm mass in the pons with blood products of differing ages, consistent with a cavernous malformation. We discussed with her the risks of surgical resection and conservative management. She decided to pursue conservative management. Two weeks later, she returned to the emergency room with Tubastatin A solubility dmso diplopia and left-sided hemiplegia. Acute hemorrhage within the right pons was seen. She then chose to undergo surgical resection.

CONCLUSION: The patient underwent an endoscopic transnasal approach for resection of a pontine cavernous malformation. Image guidance was used to

identify key anatomic landmarks. A gross total resection was achieved without new neurological deficits. With physical and occupational therapy, the patient developed antigravity strength in her left upper and lower extremities before discharge. At her 4-week follow-up, she was ambulating independently with the assistance of a cane. We report the successful gross total resection JNJ-64619178 in vitro of a pontine cavernous malformation via an endoscopic transnasal approach. This patient had improvement in neurological symptoms after surgical resection with minimal surgical morbidity. Technologic advances in endoscopic skull base approaches have provided access to lesions of the skull base previously requiring more invasive approaches.”
“Within the first few days of life, humans are colonized by commensal intestinal microbiota. Here, we review recent findings showing that microbiota are important in normal healthy brain function. We also discuss the relation between stress and microbiota, and how alterations in microbiota influence stress-related behaviors. New studies show that bacteria, including commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic bacteria, in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can activate neural pathways and central nervous system (CNS) signaling systems.

Patients with SPMS showed lower CCR5, CD25, and CD138 positivity on CD5(+) B cells than HC subjects. Our results indicate that CD5(+) B cell subsets might be associated with pathogenesis of SPMS. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Staphylokinase (SAK) is emerging as an important thrombolytic agent. In this report, we describe the cloning, expression, purification and activity studies of the SAK gene of Staphylococcus aureus from a custom synthesised SAK gene. The SAK gene of 411 bp yielded a protein of similar to 15 kDa when expressed Crenolanib manufacturer under pET21a vector using

IPTG as an inducer in BL21 (DE3) pLysE codon Plus cells. The recombinant SAK (rSAK) was soluble in nature and constituted nearly 35% of the total cellular protein as estimated by densitometry scanning. Fermentation studies

were carried out to optimize various parameters for maximizing the yield of rSAK and with the optimized medium, the yield of rSAK was nearly 2.8 g/L of fermentation broth, which is highest yield of rSAK expressed in any bacterial system till date. Two simple purification steps of ion-exchange chromatography yielded homogenous rSAK with almost 36% recovery. The purified SAK Emricasan solubility dmso protein was characterized by MALDI-TOF and by plasminogen activation studies. The rSAK was found to be active by the chromogenic substrate assay method. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by abnormally low cellular levels Selleckchem OSI-027 of the ubiquitous protein SMN. Traditionally, reduced levels of SMN were thought to cause the selective death of lower motor neurons, leading to denervation and atrophy of skeletal muscles. However, numerous recent studies challenge the notion that SMA is solely a disease of lower motor neurons, indicating that SMA may actually be a multi-system disorder. There are several promising therapies for SMA, but effectively targeting treatment to all affected cells and tissues remains a major issue. Identifying and characterizing pathological changes

that occur across all cell types and tissues affected by SMA is crucial for successfully developing new SMA therapeutics, and in this review we summarize recent developments in understanding the function of SMN in cells above and beyond motor neurons.”
“A subset of women in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort, established in 1985 in Nairobi, Kenya, remains uninfected despite repeated high-risk exposure (HIV-exposed, seronegative [HESN]) through active sex work. This HESN phenotype is associated with several alleles of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses to HIV-1. The associations of HLA alleles with differential HIV-1 infection are most likely due to their different abilities to present antigen and the different immune responses they induce.

The drug-induced increases in HSV copy number were not recapitulated upon in vivo treatment GDC-0449 price of latently infected estrogen receptor alpha-deficient mice, evidence that HSV reactivation promoted by 17-beta E was estrogen receptor dependent. These findings provide additional framework for the emerging conceptualization of HSV latency as a dynamic process maintained by complex interactions among multiple cooperative and competing host, viral, and environmental forces. Additional research is needed to confirm whether pregnancy or hormonal contraceptives containing 17-beta E also

promote HSV reactivation from latency in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner.”
“We attempted to detect alterations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

We obtained sagittal volume images of the entire head by three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and compared the regional distribution of CSF in 12 patients with iNPH, 14 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 17 healthy individuals using VBM with automatically extracted CSF check details objects.

VBM demonstrated significant widening at the lateral ventricles and Sylvian fissures and narrowing of the CSF space at the high convexity/midline areas in iNPH patients, compared to the AD patients and healthy

controls (p < 0.05, after correction with a false-discovery rate). In addition, the ratio of the CSF volume in the lateral ventricle/Sylvian fissure area to that in the high convexity/midline area in iNPH patients (3.9 +/- 1.2) was remarkably greater than that in AD patients (1.2 +/- 0.3) and controls (0.9 +/- 0.3; one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001; post hoc Tukey’s test, p < 0.001); we could discriminate iNPH patients from those in the other two groups without any overlap, when using a cutoff level of

1.9.

VBM Epigenetics inhibitor using CSF objects can be used to delineate the characteristic alteration of the CSF space in iNPH patients, which has been evaluated by visual interpretation.”
“A crucial step in the arenavirus life cycle is the biosynthesis of the viral envelope glycoprotein (GP) responsible for virus attachment and entry. Processing of the GP precursor (GPC) by the cellular proprotein convertase site 1 protease (S1P), also known as subtilisin-kexin-isozyme 1 (SKI-1), is crucial for cell-to-cell propagation of infection and production of infectious virus. Here, we sought to evaluate arenavirus GPC processing by S1P as a target for antiviral therapy using a recently developed peptide-based S1P inhibitor, decanoyl (dec)-RRLL-chloromethylketone (CMK), and the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). To control for off-target effects of dec-RRLL-CMK, we employed arenavirus reverse genetics to introduce a furin recognition site into the GPC of LCMV.

“
“Several pharmacological targets have been proposed

as modulators of panic-like reactions. However, interest should be given to other potential therapeutic neurochemical agents. Recent attention has been given to the potential anxiolytic properties of cannabidiol, because of its complex actions buy XAV-939 on the endocannabinoid system together with its effects on other neurotransmitter systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cannabidiol on innate fear-related behaviors evoked by a prey vs predator paradigm. Male Swiss mice were submitted to habituation in an arena containing a burrow and subsequently pre-treated with intraperitoneal administrations of vehicle or cannabidiol. A constrictor snake was placed inside the arena, and defensive and non-defensive behaviors were recorded. Cannabidiol caused a clear anti-aversive effect,

decreasing explosive escape and defensive immobility behaviors outside and inside the burrow. These results show that cannabidiol modulates defensive behaviors evoked by the presence of threatening stimuli, even in a potentially safe environment following a fear response, suggesting a panicolytic effect. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 412-421; doi:10.1038/npp.2011.188; published online 14 September 2011″
“Recent preclinical and clinical research has demonstrated that the neuropeptide substance find more P (SP) plays a role in the central nervous system (CNS) response to stress,

and perhaps in the etiology of major depression and/or anxiety disorders. The nature of this role, however, is poorly understood. A limited body of evidence suggests that in medication-free depressed patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of SP may be elevated relative to healthy controls. Two studies have shown that antidepressant treatment does not significantly change CSF concentrations of SP. Using standard lumbar puncture techniques, baseline CSF samples were obtained from 19 medication-free healthy controls and 19 medicated patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Mean CSF SP concentration was significantly lower in TRD patients on psychotropic medications than in the group of healthy subjects. After 10-12 weeks of treatment with adjunct vagus click here nerve stimulation (VNS), CSF SP concentrations were not significantly changed. Low CSF SP may reflect a biological marker of the subtype of severe and chronic depression that is resistant to standard therapies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The Global Polio Laboratory Network routinely uses poliovirus-specific PCR primers and probes to determine the serotype and genotype of poliovirus isolates obtained as part of global poliovirus surveillance. To provide detailed molecular epidemiologic information, poliovirus isolates are further characterized by sequencing the similar to 900-nucleotide region encoding the major capsid protein, VP1.

We hypothesized that the Surgical Procedure Assessment score would predict intensive care unit length of stay, discriminate preoperatively

between fast-track and prolonged-stay patients, and compare favorably with more complex risk scores.

Methods: After institutional review board approval, 1201 cardiac surgical patients were preoperatively assigned a Surgical SC75741 manufacturer Procedure Assessment score, as well as a Parsonnet, Tuman, Tu, and Cardiac Anesthesia Risk Evaluation score. We compared these scores with regard to prediction of intensive care unit length of stay, as well as their concordance in predicting intensive care unit length of stay of less than 48 hours (fast track) and more than 7 days (prolonged stay).

Results: Intensive care unit length of stay increased significantly selleck chemical with increasing Surgical Procedure Assessment scores (P < .01, Cuzick’s test for trend). The lowest Surgical Procedure Assessment score (1A) predicted intensive care unit length of stay of less than 48 hours, and the higher Surgical Procedure Assessment scores (2B or 3) predicted intensive care unit length of stay of more than 7 days more accurately than the Parsonnet, Tuman, Tu and Cardiac Anesthesia Risk Evaluation scores.

Conclusions: The Surgical Procedure Assessment score predicts intensive care unit length of stay better than other comparable scores.

It is simple, intuitive, and easily understood by all caregivers and can preoperatively discriminate fast-track from prolonged-stay patients. It is a useful tool to facilitate intensive care unit triage. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142: 443-50)”
“In the recent years, atherogenesis has increasingly been linked to inflammatory processes in the injured vessel wall. Recruitment

and arrest of monocytes, T cells, and neutrophils via the concerted actions of multiple chemokines and their chemokine receptors have been the subject of intense research and are being appreciated as key events underlying atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression. The evolutionary conserved cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exhibits prominent proinflammatory and proatherogenic functions, and the latest findings on its chemotactic selleck chemicals and chemokine-like properties imply MIF as a crucial drug target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, the role of MIF in atherosclerosis and injury-induced neointima formation is discussed. We place an emphasis on its proinflammatory and chemokine-like functions in the context of underlying extra- and intracellular signaling mechanisms. These findings clearly distinguish MIF from other cytokines in atherosclerosis and justify the intensive search for inhibitors targeting MIF in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including advanced atherosclerosis. (Trends Cardiovasc Med 2009; 19:76-86) (C) 2009, Elsevier Inc.”
“Background: Both type 2 diabetes and hyperinsulinemia have been related to diminished cognition.

“
“Animal models are making an increasing contribution to our understanding

of the psychology and brain mechanisms underlying behavioral inhibition and impulsivity. The aim here was to develop, for the first time, a mouse analog of the stop-signal reaction time task with high translational validity in order to be able to exploit this species in genetic and molecular investigations of impulsive behaviors. Cohorts of mice were trained to nose-poke to presentations of visual stimuli. Control of responding was manipulated by altering find more the onset of an auditory ‘stop-signal’ during the go response. The anticipated systematic changes in action cancellation were observed as stopping was made more difficult by placing the stop-signal closer to the execution of the action. Excitotoxic lesions of medial prefrontal cortex resulted in impaired stopping, while the clinically effective drugs methylphenidate and atomoxetine enhanced stopping abilities. The specific 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB242084 also led to enhanced response control in this task. We conclude that stop-signal reaction time task performance can be successfully modeled in mice and is sensitive to prefrontal cortex dysfunction and drug treatments in a qualitatively similar manner to humans and previous rat models. Additionally, using this model we show novel and highly learn more discrete effects

of 5-HT2C receptor antagonism that suggest manipulation of 5-HT2C receptor function may be Ganetespib in vitro of use in correcting maladaptive impulsive behaviors and provide further evidence for dissociable contributions of serotonergic transmission to response control.”
“Objectives:

Patients requiring extracorporeal cardiorespiratory support during lung transplantation can be treated with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In a retrospective analysis, we compared the postoperative course and outcomes of patients treated using these approaches.

Methods: Between August 2008 and September 2011, 92 consecutive patients underwent lung transplantation with extracorporeal support (CPB group, n = 46; and, since February 2010, ECMO group, n = 46) at our institution. We evaluated survival, secondary organ failure, bleeding complications, and the need for blood and platelet transfusions in these 2 patient populations.

Results: Intraoperatively, the CPB group required more packed red blood cell transfusions (12 +/- 11 vs 7 +/- 9 U; P = .01) and platelet concentrates (2.5 +/- 1.6 vs 1.5 +/- 1 U; P<.01) than the ECMO group. In-hospital mortality (39% vs 13%; P – .004), the need for hemodialysis (48% vs 13%; P<.01), and new postoperative ECMO support (26% vs 4%; P<.01) were greater in the CPB group than in the ECMO group, respectively. After propensity score analysis, multivariate analysis identified retransplantation (odds ratio, 7; 95% confidence interval, 1-43; P = .

3 MPa. The MEA system monitored neuronal spikes on 16 electrodes (each 50 x 50 mu m(2)) at a sampling rate of 20 kHz. The

embryo rat cortical cells were first cultured on MEAs without Xe for approximately 3 weeks, at which time they produced synchronized bursts that indicate maturity. Then, with an applied Xe pressure, the synchronized bursts quickly ceased, whereas single spikes continued. The Xe-induced inhibition-recovery of neuronal network firing was reversible: after purging Xe from the system, the synchronized bursts gradually resumed. Thus, Xe did not inhibit single neuron firing, yet reversibly inhibited the synaptic transmission. This finding agrees with the channel-blocker and a modified-hydrate check details hypothesis of anesthesia, but not the lipid-solubility hypothesis. (c) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Though medical consequences of war attract attention, the health consequences of the prisoner-of-war (POW) experience are poorly researched and appreciated. The imprisonment of Allied military personnel by the Japanese during the World War II provides an especially dramatic POW scenario

in terms of deprivation, malnutrition and exposure to tropical diseases. Though predominantly British, these POWs also included AS1842856 price troops from Australia, Holland and North America. Imprisonment took place in various locations in Southeast Asia and the Far East for a 3.5-year period between 1942 and 1945. Nutritional deficiency syndromes, dysentery, malaria, tropical ulcers and cholera were major health problems; and supplies of drugs and medical equipment were scarce. There have been limited

mortality studies on ex-Far East prisoners (FEPOWs) since repatriation, but these suggest an early (up to 10 years post-release) excess MK-4827 mortality due to tuberculosis, suicides and cirrhosis (probably related to hepatitis B exposure during imprisonment). In terms of morbidity, the commonest has been a psychiatric syndrome which would now be recognized as post-traumatic stress disorderpresent in at least one-third of FEPOWs and frequently presenting decades later. Peptic ulceration, osteoarthritis and hearing impairment also appear to occur more frequently. In addition, certain tropical diseases have persisted in these survivorsnotably infections with the nematode worm Strongyloides stercoralis. Studies 30 years or more after release have shown overall infection rates of 15. Chronic strongyloidiasis of this type frequently causes a linear urticarial larva currens rash, but can potentially lead to fatal hyperinfection if immunity is suppressed. Finally, about 5 of FEPOW survivors have chronic nutritional neuropathic syndromesusually optic atrophy or sensory peripheral neuropathy (often painful). The World War II FEPOW experience was a unique, though often tragic, accidental experiment into the longer term effects of under nutrition and untreated exotic disease.

Radioisotopes Tc-94m and Tc-97m were not detected in the irradiated Mo-100 targets due to their low activities and measurement conditions: on the other hand we detected small amounts of the short-lived positron emitter Tc-93 (T-1/2=2.75 h). In addition to Tc-99m and trace amounts of the various Tc isotopes, significant activities of Nb-96, Nb-97 and Mo-99 were detected in the irradiated Mo-100 targets.

Conclusions:

Verubecestat Radioisotope formation during the proton irradiation of Mo targets prepared from different, enriched stable Mo isotopes provides a useful data base to predict the presence of Tc radionuclidic impurities in Tc-99m derived from proton irradiated Mo-100 targets of known isotopic composition. The longer-lived Tc isotopes including Tc-94 (T-1/2=4.883 h), Tc-95 (T-1/2=20.0 h), Tc-95m (T-1/2=61 d), Tc96m+g (T-1/2=4.24 d) and Tc-97m (T-1/2=90 d) are of particular concern

since they may affect the dosimetry in clinical applications. Our data demonstrate that cyclotron production of Tc-99m, using highly enriched Mo-100 targets and 19-24 MeV incident proton energy, will result in a product of acceptable radionuclidic purity for applications in nuclear medicine. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: We used a population-based data set to assess the association between the extent of pulmonary resection for bronchoalveolar this website carcinoma and survival. The reports thus far have been limited to small, institutional series.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1988-2007), we identified patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma who had undergone wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy. The bronchoalveolar carcinoma histologic findings were mucinous, nonmucinous, mixed, not otherwise specified, and alveolar carcinoma.

To adjust for potential confounders, we used a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results: A total of 6810 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the sublobar resections (wedge PS-341 solubility dmso resections and segmentectomies), lobectomy conferred superior 5-year overall (59.5% vs 43.9%) and cancer-specific (67.1% vs 53.1%) survival (P < .0001). After adjusting for potential confounding patient and tumor characteristics, we found that patients who underwent an anatomic resection had significantly better overall (segmentectomy: hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.81; lobectomy: hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.57) and cancer-specific (segmentectomy: hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.75; lobectomy: hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.53) survival compared with patients who underwent wedge resection. Additionally, gender, race, tumor size, and degree of tumor de-differentiation were negative prognostic factors.