01). The expression of TLR2 in the stroma was not observed in the group of healthy dogs at all stages. The surface epithelium of cervix in dogs with pyometra expressed TLR2 significantly more intensely than did the stoma, whereas the expression of TLR2 during oestrus and dioestrus was absent in the stroma of cervix. This study provides the first report of immunohistochemical localization of TLR2 in the canine reproductive tract. In the present study, TLR2 was expressed in endometrial epithelium but was absent in the endometrial stroma of healthy dogs at all oestrous cycle stages. These findings suggest differential expression of TLR in endometrial cells. On the other hand, the lack of TLR2
in the stroma of healthy uteri of dogs may predispose to infection from the invading pathogens once the epithelial cells have been destroyed by the pathogens, especially Gram-positive bacteria.”
“Aim: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation selleck kinase inhibitor (CPR) quality is associated with survival outcomes after out-ofhospital cardiac arrest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of simplified dispatcher CPR instructions Metabolism inhibitor to improve
the chest compression (CC) quality during simulated pediatric cardiac arrest in public places.
Methods: Adult bystanders recruited in public places were randomized to receive one of two scripted dispatcher CPR instructions: (1) “”Push as hard as you can”" (PUSH HARD) learn more or (2) “”Push approximately 2 inches”" (TWO INCHES). A pediatric manikin with realistic CC characteristics (similar to a 6-year-old child), and a CPR recording defibrillator was used for quantitative CC data collection during a 2-min simulated pediatric scenario. The primary outcome was average CC depth treated as a continuous variable. Secondary outcomes included compliance with American Heart Association (AHA) CPR targets. Analysis was by two-sided unpaired t-test and Chi-square test, as appropriate.
Results: 128 out of 140 providers screened met inclusion/exclusion criteria and all 128 consented. The average CC depth (mean (SEM)) was greater in PUSH HARD compared to
TWO INCHES (43 (1) vs. 36 (1) mm, p<0.01) and met AHA targets more often (39% (25164) vs. 20% (13164), p=0.02). CC rates trended higher in the PUSH HARD group (93 (4) vs. 82 (4) CC/min, p=0.06). More providers did not achieve full chest recoil with PUSH HARD compared to TWO INCHES (53% (34164) vs. 75% (48164), p=0.01).
Conclusions: Simplified dispatcher assisted pediatric CPR instructions: “”Push as hard as you can”" was associated with lay bystanders providing deeper and faster CCs on a simulated, 6-year-old pediatric manikin. However, percentage of providers leaning between CC increased. The potential effect of these simplified instructions in younger children remains unanswered. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.