006) or those treated with radiotherapy alone (20 months, P < .0001). Patients undergoing sublobe without radiotherapy also demonstrated superior survival than patients receiving radiotherapy alone (P = .002). The use or omission Avapritinib cell line of radiotherapy made no difference after limited resection (30 vs 28 months, P = .6). Multivariable analysis found survival independently related to age, year of diagnosis, tumor size, stage, and treatment (lobe vs sublobe vs radiotherapy alone).

Conclusions: Surgery is an underused modality in the management

of early-stage small cell lung cancer. Lobectomy provides optimal local control and leads to superior survival. Although sublobar resection proved inferior to lobectomy, it conferred a survival advantage

superior to radiotherapy alone. The addition of radiotherapy to resection provided no additional benefit. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;142:538-46)”
“Positron emission tomography (PET) provides check details dynamic images of the biodistribution of radioactive tracers in the brain. Through application of the principles of compartmental analysis, tracer uptake can be quantified in terms of specific physiological processes such as cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate, and the availability of receptors in brain. Whereas early PET studies in animal models of brain diseases were hampered by the limited spatial resolution find more of PET instruments, dedicated small-animal instruments now provide molecular images of rodent brain with resolution approaching 1 mm, the theoretic limit of the method. Major applications of PET for brain research have consisted of studies of animal models of neurological disorders, notably Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury; these studies have particularly benefited from selective neurochemical lesion models (PD), and also transgenic rodent models (AD, HD). Due to their complex and uncertain pathophysiologies,

corresponding models of neuropsychiatric disorders have proven more difficult to establish. Historically, there has been an emphasis on PET studies of dopamine transmission, as assessed with a range of tracers targeting dopamine synthesis, plasma membrane transporters, and receptor binding sites. However, notable recent breakthroughs in molecular imaging include the development of greatly improved tracers for subtypes of serotonin, cannabinoid, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, as well as noradrenaline transporters, amyloid-beta and neuroinflammatory changes. This article reviews the considerable recent progress in preclinical PET and discusses applications relevant to a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.