Our results are of clinically acceptable level and concert with the reference values of the

European guidelines.”
“The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ongoing use of an evaluation tool on hospitals’ emergency preparedness for mass casualty events (MCEs). Two cycles of evaluation of emergency preparedness were conducted based on measurable parameters. A significant increase was found in mean total scores between the 2 cycles (from 77.1 to 88.5). An increase was found in scores for standard operating procedures, training, and equipment, but the change was significant only in the training category. Relative increase was highest for hospitals that did not experience real MCEs. This study offers a structured and practical approach for ongoing improvement HIF-1�� pathway of emergency selleck chemicals llc preparedness, based on validated, measurable benchmarks. Ongoing assessment of emergency preparedness motivates hospitals to improve capabilities and results in a more effective emergency response mechanism. Use of predetermined and measurable benchmarks allows the institutions being assessed to improve their level of performance in the areas evaluated.”
“Purpose: To examine associations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis, based on measurements of carotid plaque

and intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 116 stroke-free participants (45.7% males, 54.3% females; mean age, 64.73 +/- 14.53 years). Serum MMP-9 and MCP-1 concentrations were measured, and plaque morphology, including total plaque score (PS), plaque stability, and IMT, was assessed ultrasonographically. Participants were grouped according to total PS this website (0, 1-2, bigger than = 3), plaque stability (no plaque, stable, unstable) and IMT tertiles ( smaller than 0.8 mm, 0.8-1 mm, bigger than 1 mm). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of MMP-9 and MCP-1 concentrations with plaque and IMT values after adjusting for vascular risk factors. Results: MMP-9 quartiles (vs. quartile 1) were significantly

associated with a greater prevalence of plaque instability [Q2: odds ratio (OR) = 5.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-24.9, p = 0.042; Q3: OR = 15.5, 95% CI = 3.1-78.1, p = 0.001; Q4: OR = 13.2, 95% CI = 2.7-64.97, p = 0.001] and high total PS (Q3: OR = 10.02, 95% CI = 1.5-65.33, p = 0.016; Q4: OR = 21.5, 95% CI = 3.5-132.1, p = 0.001). MCP-1 concentration was significantly associated with IMT (OR = 22.94, 95% CI = 2.14-245.66, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Elevated serum MMP-9 concentration was independently associated with high total carotid artery PS, plaque instability, and large IMT value. MCP-1 concentration was independently associated with IMT, but not with plaque morphology. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.