Changes in plasma AP A and NO in opposite directions may reflect an asymmetry in the function of the nigrostriatal system. Our results also revealed

an inverse correlation between AP A and NO, in normotensive rats lesioned or sham operated in the right side and hypertensive rats lesioned in the left one. We concluded Selleck LY294002 that the observed changes in plasma NO and AP A after left or right striatal DA depletions may be due to asymmetries in the peripheral autonomic innervation of the vessels. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We report the indications, technique and outcome of a large series of children who underwent bladder neck transection for intractable urinary incontinence.

Materials

and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed demographics, operative details, complications and outcomes of 76 patients (47 males, 29 females) who underwent AZ 628 bladder neck closure at our institution between 1996 and 2006. Mean patient age at the time of the procedure was 12 years, 10 months. The most common diagnosis was bladder exstrophy. Of the patients 31 had undergone prior bladder neck reconstruction (30) or sling repair (1). All patients underwent concomitant augmentation and creation of a catheterizable stoma.

Results: A total of 50 patients had more than 12 months of followup (mean 44, range 12 to 128). Continence was achieved initially in 86% of the patients (43 of 50). Of the 7 primary failures 2 leaked too via the urethra and 5 via the stoma. Six of these patients achieved dryness with revision, for a final continence rate of 98%. A single renal unit suffered significant loss of function during this period. New, nonobstructive hydronephrosis developed in 8 additional renal units. Stones developed in 30% of the patients. There were no spontaneous bladder ruptures.

Conclusions: Bladder neck transection in combination with enterocystoplasty and creation of a continent catheterizable

stoma is an effective approach to incontinent cases with severely damaged bladder outlets and poor quality bladders in which other reconstructive approaches either have failed or are deemed likely to fail. Specific concerns regarding the risk of poor renal outcomes and perforation seem unwarranted at present.”
“Nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker, has been used mainly in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, its indications have been extended experimentally to a wider range of disorders especially some central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this study, we investigated whether nimodipine is neuroprotective to inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. Pretreatment with nimodipine reduced the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons induced by LPS in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures in a dose-dependent manner.