[7–9] Fig. 1 Chemical structure of edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one; MCI-185). Edaravone can scavenge both hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite radicals, but it has no significant effect on superoxide

anion radicals.[10,11] According to recent reports, edaravone has various functions, such as relieving neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerves,[10] attenuating nerve injury induced by ischemia,[12] elevating the metabolism rate,[13] reducing the inflammatory response,[14] and ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.[15] Edaravone can be useful for the treatment of diseases and clinical conditions in which oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis.[16] Some studies have also indicated that edaravone shows beneficial effects in

treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing AZD4547 in vivo loss with profound hearing-loss encephalomyelitis.[17] The major side effects of edaravone are hepatic impairment or renal function disorder.[18] For that reason, it is prescribed with care to patients who have a clinical history of hepatic or renal disorder. A few analytical methods of measuring edaravone plasma concentrations have been reported, such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).[19,20] These two methods are feasible but have their limitations. The objective of this selleck chemical study was to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of edaravone administered by single or successive intravenous infusions in healthy Chinese volunteers. Materials and Methods Design and Demographic Characteristics The protocol was approved in advance by the hospital ethics committee and conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and

the Helsinki Declaration. After receiving oral and written explanations of the study, the subjects gave written informed consent prior to starting the study. All subjects (15 males and 15 females) were recruited into three edaravone dose groups (20, 30, and 60 mg). The volunteers Palbociclib ic50 who had been given a 30 mg single dose continued to receive multiple administrations from the second day, twice daily for 5 days. None of the subjects consumed excessive amounts of alcohol or smoked, and none took any drugs during or at least 1 week prior to the study. Subjects were excluded on the basis of a clinically significantly abnormal electrocardiogram, the results of blood chemistry or urinalysis tests, or a positive result on the pregnancy test. The demographic characteristics of the study see more cohort are presented in table I. The subjects fasted from 10 hours before to 2 hours after edaravone administration. The volunteers were observed for 24 hours post-drug administration, during which time both safety laboratory data and the results of physical examinations were assessed.