The sssF gene was detected selleck chemicals llc in 84.6% (55/65) of Australian isolates, 90.9% (10/11) of American isolates and 88.3% (53/60) of German isolates. SssF is expressed at the S. saprophyticus cell surface In order to study the cellular localisation and function of the SssF protein, we generated an isogenic S. saprophyticus MS1146 sssF mutant (MS1146sssF) by

insertional inactivation with a group II intron using the TargeTron system. We then complemented the sssF mutation by the introduction of a pPS44 staphylococcal vector containing the cloned sssF gene, to create MS1146sssF(pSssF). Western blot analysis of whole-cell lysates from S. saprophyticus MS1146, MS1146sssF and MS1146sssF(pSssF) using rabbit polyclonal anti-SssF serum raised against a recombinant truncated SssF protein, demonstrated expression of SssF in MS1146 but not MS1146sssF. Complementation of sssF restored SssF expression in MS1146sssF(pSssF) (Figure 3A). The anti-SssF serum was used in conjunction with immunogold labeling and electron microscopy to demonstrate localisation of the PFT�� datasheet SssF protein at the cell surface. MS1146 and MS1146sssF(pSssF) exhibited abundant gold labeling whereas MS1146sssF was devoid of labeling (Figure 3B). Figure 3 Expression of SssF. (A) Western blot analysis of whole-cell lysates prepared from S. saprophyticus MS1146, MS1146sssF

and MS1146sssF(pSssF) using a polyclonal antiserum directed against SssF. Lanes: M, Novex Sharp Pre-stained protein marker (Invitrogen); 1, MS1146; 2, MS1146sssF; 3, MS1146sssF(pSssF). The position of SssF is indicated. Expression of SssF was detected in wild-type S. saprophyticus strain MS1146 and the sssF complemented strain but not in the isogenic sssF mutant. (B) Immunogold TEM of S. saprophyticus MS1146, MS1146sssF and MS1146sssF(pSssF). Expression of SssF at the cell surface of S. saprophyticus MS1146 was demonstrated by abundant labeling with SssF-gold particles. In contrast, the sssF isogenic knockout mutant was devoid of gold labeling. Complementation of the sssF mutation restored and enhanced surface expression

of SssF. Bars, 500 nm. SssF does not mediate adhesion to uroepithelial cells or colonisation of the mouse bladder Sorafenib molecular weight Initial investigations into the function of SssF found no evidence of adhesion (to T24 and 5637 human bladder carcinoma cells [American Type Culture Collection; ATCC], exfoliated human urothelial cells or a wide range of ECM and other molecules, including human serum albumin), invasion of 5637 bladder cells, cell surface hydrophobicity modulation, biofilm formation or serum resistance that could be attributable to SssF (data not shown). Strain MS1146 and derivatives colonised the mouse bladder in similar numbers in a mouse model of UTI (4.8-5.8 × 106 c.f.u. per 0.1 g bladder tissue), indicating that SssF does not contribute to colonisation in this infection model. S.