Michelina Nascimbeni*, Thomas Montange†, Helen K. W. Law‡, Vincent Mallet* §, Bertrand Saunier*, Yves Rivière†, Stanislas Pol* §, * Hepatitis C Virus Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Meédicale U567, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France, † Laboratory of Viral

Immune Pathology, CNRS URA3015, Paris, France, ‡ Center of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, § Hepatology Unit, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France. “
“The Wnt antagonist 13th Taishotoyama International Symposium on Gastroenterology was held in Shimoda as usual on

April 17 and 18, 2009. There were about 100 participants. Five gastroenterologists from overseas were invited and international discussions were held as the name of the symposium implies. The discussions are always held this website in English. This symposium has been successful in introducing and spreading an international outlook in the field of gastroenterology in Japan. At the beginning, most of the discussions involved scientists from overseas and very few Japanese spoke, but in the last 10 years or so, most of the discussions are held by young Japanese scientists and the situation has completely changed. As one of the managers of this symposium, I am very happy about this situation. diglyceride This is a symposium with a tradition started

by Professor Tadayoshi Takemoto, Professor Kenzo Kobayashi, Professor Eastwood and Professor Tarnawaski. At present, several advisors and a secretariat manage the symposium with Professor Masaki Kitajima and the author as the organizers. In the field of gastroenterology, especially gastrointestinal diseases, the current academic scene seems somewhat stagnant, although many diseases await elucidation. This situation is also evident in the American Gastroenterological Association. At a time when H. pylori eradication has resolved most issues relating to gastric and duodenal ulcers, the next targets must be seriously sought in the field of gastroenterology. The first topic is gastrointestinal disorders caused by NSAIDs. NSAID disorders in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum have been an important topic for a long time. This problem first came to the fore about 30 years ago in the form of adverse reactions of anti-inflammatory analgesics such as aspirin and indomethacin used in the treatment of diseases in the fields of orthopedics and rheumatology. Major adverse reactions in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum such as mucosal disorders, bleeding and perforations became subjects of research. They have been major topics also in this symposium.