Serum microRNA levels from selected mice were also examined using the Human miRNA Oligo chip. Results: Pairwise comparisons revealed a number of short and long-term differences in microRNA expression between in response to HBV and HCV infection. Fuzzy c-means cluster analysis was Maraviroc datasheet used to identify patterns in microRNA expression among the 5 experimental groups. MicroRNA gene targets were predicted based on agreement among two or more algorithms. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to characterize predicted targets in each cluster. HCV infection resulted in earlier and more sustained microRNA up-regulation than HBV infection. Several distinct

patterns of microRNA expression were detected. Predicted gene targets Fulvestrant manufacturer were significantly associated with pathways involving the innate and adaptive immunity,

platelet activation, and cellular stress responses. MicroRNA levels between liver and serum samples were correlated, but a subset of microRNAs showed pathogen-specific serum profiles. Conclusions: Analysis of early and late changes in microRNA expression following HBV versus HCV infection revealed distinct profiles. Better understanding of differences in the pathogenesis of HBV versus HCV infection might help to improve response to therapy. Disclosures: Kazuaki Chayama – Consulting: Abbvie; Grant/Research Support: Dainippon Sumitomo, Chugai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, DAIICHI SANKYO, Toray, BMS, MSD; Speaking and Teaching: Chugai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, DAIICHI SANKYO, KYORIN, Nihon Medi-Physics, BMS, Dainippon Sumitomo, MSD, ASKA, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Olympus, GlaxoSmithKline, ZERIA, Bayer, Minophagen, JANSSEN, JIMRO, TSUMURA, Otsuka, Taiho, Nippon Kayaku, Nippon Shinyaku, Takeda, AJINOMOTO, Meiji Seika, Toray The following people have nothing to disclose: C. Nelson Hayes, Sakura Akamatsu, Masataka Tsuge, Daiki Miki, Nobuhiko

Hiraga, Hiromi Abe, Michio Imamura, Shoichi Takahashi, Hidenori Ochi Background: Despite evidence that bacterial translocation from the gut is associated with liver disease progression in end-stage cirrhotic patients, microbial translocation in patients with earlier stages of liver disease has not been well characterized. Aim: To investigate the effect of microbial translocation Tryptophan synthase on liver disease progression by measuring bacterial and fungal products and the immune response in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patient serum. Methods: Seventy subjects were included: 15 patients with Ishak fibrosis score=0, 15 Ishak=5, 20 Ishak=6 (Child-Pugh A), and 20 healthy donors. The two most recent samples from each patient were included. Assays were performed to quantify three microbial products: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan for gram-positive bacteria, and (1->3)-beta-D-glucan (BDG) for fungus.