50 This data is also consistent with the WHO circulation patterns for 2010 and 2011 for India which also shows a clear peak coinciding with the rainy season across the country. These data illustrate the difficulty in having effective uniform vaccination timing for a vast country like India and have implications when formulating vaccination policies. The evidence of antigenic drifts of circulating influenza viruses in India, together with the temporal peaks in seasonality of influenza in different parts of the country;

illustrate the need for a staggered approach in vaccination timing. Hence, the best time for offering Wnt inhibitor vaccine for individuals residing in southern states would be just before the onset of rainy season, i.e. before October while for rest of the country,

it should be before June. Though, the committee acknowledges that this issue is still contentious and unresolved. This is to be noted that WHO convenes two meetings to provide recommendations for the usage of influenza vaccine in February and September each year. The vaccine for the February recommendations (Northern hemisphere) and September recommendations (Southern hemisphere) becomes available after 6 months of each recommendation. With the above background the vaccine that shall be available in March–April 2012 (Southern hemisphere) this year selleck screening library is based on the recommendation made in September 2011 which took into account the data from the past year Org 27569 i.e. August 2010–Sept 2011 (thus covering India’s rainy season peak last year from June to August 2011).

Whereas the vaccine that shall be available in August 2012 (Northern hemisphere, with the 2 new strains) shall be based on the recommendation made in February 2012 which took into account the data from the past year i.e. March 2011–Feb 2012 which means that by the time it is available in August 2012, the most of the country barring southern states may have already passed the peak influenza activity. In addition to this, WHO classifies India under the ‘South Asia’ transmission zone of influenza circulation. This along with summary review of the 2011 southern hemisphere winter influenza season49 strongly points India’s alignment with the availability of Southern hemisphere vaccine (March–April) to ensure we have the latest available strains for early vaccination to prevent the peak of circulation of Influenza in the rainy season across the country. (Abstracted from: Consensus Recommendations on Immunization and IAP Immunization Timetable 2012, Indian Pediatrics, July 2012, Vol: 49, pp: 549–565. Available from:http://www.indianpediatrics.net/july2012/549.pdfAccessed on July 18, 2012.) Full-size table The author has none to declare. “
“Inorganic arsenic is a potent human carcinogen, and skin is known to be one of the most susceptible human organs affected by chronic environmental exposure to this metalloid (Bolt, 2012).